奶牛围产期瘤胃菌群变化及影响因素研究进展  

Progress on Changes of Rumen Microbiota and Its Influencing Factors in Dairy Cows during Perinatal Period

作　　者：项开合[1,2] 胡晓宇 李爽 王莹 张云现 张乃生 XIANG Kai-he;HU Xiao-yu;LI Shuang;WANG Ying;ZHANG Yun-xian;ZHANG Nai-sheng(College of Agriculture,Eastern Liaoning University,Dandong,Liaoning,118000,China;College of Veterinary Medicine,Jilin University,Changchun,Jilin,130062,China;Qilu Animal Health Products Co.,Ltd,Jinan,Shandong,250100,China)

机构地区：[1]辽东学院农学院,辽宁丹东118000 [2]吉林大学动物医学学院,吉林长春130062 [3]齐鲁动物保健品有限公司,山东济南250100

出　　处：《动物医学进展》2022年第8期93-97,共5页Progress In Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31772812,31972749)。

摘　　要：奶牛围产期定义为分娩前3周至分娩后3周,其特征是动物生理发生剧烈变化,同时导致各种疾病的发病率增高。瘤胃菌群与奶牛健康密切相关,而围产期奶牛从高纤维饮食向低纤维饮食的转变会导致瘤胃菌群的剧烈变化,了解围产期瘤胃菌群结构、组成及变化规律,对于围产期奶牛饲养管理及疾病防控至关重要。影响围产期瘤胃菌群变化的因素有很多,如品种、胎次、日粮、饲料添加剂以及疾病因素等。论文综述了围产期奶牛瘤胃菌群组成、变化及影响瘤胃菌群变化的最新研究进展,可以指导围产期奶牛饲养管理策略,也可以为进一步研究通过围产期瘤胃菌群调控提高奶牛生产性能、预防围产期疾病提供参考。The perinatal period of cows,3weeks of pre-and post-delivery,is characterized by dramatic physiological changes which also increases incidences of various diseases.Ruminal microbiota is closely related to cow health.A diet change from a high-fiber to a low-fiber in perinatal cows could result in ruminal microbiota dysbiosis.There are many factors influencing the changes of rumen microbial community in perinatal period such as breed,reproductive status,dietary management,and diseases.Therefore,it is crucial for establishing a systematic knowledge upon structure,composition and alterations in ruminal flora during the perinatal period to adjust feeding management.This paper aimed to review the latest research progresses on the composition and changes of rumen microbiota and its influencing factors on perinatal dairy cows.In summary,present article could serve as a potential guide for amending feeding and management strategies,providing a reference for further research to improve productivity and health via manipulating rumen bacteria in perinatal period.

关 键 词：奶牛 围产期 瘤胃菌群 日粮 

分 类 号：S858.23[农业科学—临床兽医学]