压电效应演示实验的新设计  

A demonstration experiment of piezoelectric effects

作　　者：咸夫正 王春明[1,2] XIAN Fu-zheng;WANG Chun-ming(School of Physics,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education,Shandong University,Jinan Shangdong 250100,China;Center for Optics Research and Engineering(CORE),Key Laboratory of Laser and Infrared System of Ministry of Education,Shandong University,Qingdao Shandong 266237,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学物理学院物理国家级实验教学示范中心(山东大学),山东济南250100 [2]山东大学光学高等研究中心激光与红外系统集成技术教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《大学物理》2022年第8期47-51,75,共6页College Physics

基　　金：教育部基础学科拔尖学生培养计划(20180101);教育部高等学校大学物理课程教指委教学研究项目(DJZW201918hd)资助。

摘　　要：本文设计了实验装置与实验方案,用于演示正压电效应与逆压电效应,并研究了机械能与电能的相互转化关系.在正压电效应演示实验中,利用电磁铁激励压电双晶片振动,利用示波器观察激励信号与产生的电信号;电信号频率与激励信号频率保持相同,电信号幅值与激励信号幅值成正相关,电信号幅值随激励信号频率先增大后减小.在逆压电效应演示实验中,利用直流电压源激励压电双晶片产生形变,利用光杠杆放大微小形变;压电双晶片的形变量与激励电压值成线性关系.相比于现有演示实验,新设计的实验中研究了机械能与电能的相互转化关系,有助于加深实验者对压电效应原理的理解.The experimental device and scheme are designed to demonstrate the positive and inverse piezoelectric effects, in which the coupling relationships between mechanical energy and electrical energy are studied. A drive signal is applied to an electromagnet to stimulate vibration of piezoelectric bimorph. Both drive signal and generated electric signal are measured by an oscilloscope. Electric signal frequency is consistent with drive signal frequency, while electric signal amplitude is positively correlated to drive signal amplitude. Electric signal amplitude first increases and then decreases with drive signal frequency. The piezoelectric bimorph is excited by DC voltage source to produce deformation, which is amplified by an optical lever. The displacement of the piezoelectric bimorph is linear with the excitation voltage. Compared with the existing demonstration experiments, the conversion relationship between mechanical energy and electrical energy are investigated in this new designed experiment, which is helpful to make participants understand deeply of the principle of piezoelectric effects.

关 键 词：正压电效应 逆压电效应 压电双晶片 演示物理实验 

分 类 号：O4-33[理学—物理]