巢湖流域典型稻麦轮作区大气氮磷沉降及对巢湖影响的分析  

Analysis of atmospheric nitrogen and phosphorus deposition and its impact on Chao Lake in typical rice-wheat rotation area of Chao Lake basin

作　　者：田帅 单旭东 程启鹏 徐刚 郜红建 华胜 高时凤 TIAN Shuai;SHAN Xu-dong;CHENG Qi-peng;XU Gang;GAO Hong-jian;HUA Sheng;GAO Shi-feng(School of Resources and Environment,Anhui Agricultural University/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention,Hefei 230036,China;Anhui Xiyangyang Agricultural Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Lujiang 230088,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Service Station of Baishan Town of Lujiang County,Lujiang 231531,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院/农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室,安徽合肥230036 [2]安徽喜洋洋农业科技有限公司,安徽庐江230088 [3]庐江县白山镇农业技术推广服务站,安徽庐江231531

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2022年第4期958-966,共9页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41877099);安徽省科技重大专项(18030701188)。

摘　　要：为研究巢湖流域典型稻麦轮作区大气氮磷沉降特征及其生态环境效应,选择巢湖流域典型稻麦轮作区布设大气氮磷沉降监测点,收集大气沉降样品进行氮磷质量浓度、沉降通量及输入特征分析。结果表明,监测期内大气总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)年沉降通量分别为98.22 kg/hm~2、3.27 kg/hm~2,其中TN沉降以可溶性有机氮(DON)为主,占TN沉降总量的49.56%,而可溶性无机氮(DIN)则以NH~+-N(14.48 kg/hm~2)为主,NO~--N含量相对较低(5.85 kg/hm~2)。TP沉降以可溶性无机磷(DIP)(2.36 kg/hm~2)为主,可溶性有机磷(DOP)含量较低。水稻季(6-10月)、小麦季(11月至次年5月)大气TN沉降通量分别为45.84 kg/hm~2、52.38 kg/hm~2,分别相当于当季氮肥施用量的20%、23%。据此估算,巢湖湖面大气TN和TP年沉降量分别为7 661.16 t和255.06 t,分别占巢湖主要河流入湖负荷的48.41%和32.57%。综上所述,巢湖流域典型稻麦轮作区大气氮磷沉降是农田生态系统和巢湖水体氮磷输入的重要来源。To study the characteristics of atmospheric nitrogen and phosphorus deposition and its effects on ecological environment in typical rice-wheat rotation area of Chao Lake basin, monitoring and testing sites for atmosphere nitrogen and phosphorus deposition were laid in the area to collect atmospheric deposition samples to analyze the mass concentration, deposition fluxes and input characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus. The results showed that, annual deposition fluxes of total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) in the monitoring period were 98.22 kg/hm~2 and 3.27 kg/hm~2, respectively. Atmospheric TN deposition was dominated by dissolved organic nitrogen(DON), which accounted for 49.56% of the total TN deposition, while dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) was dominated by NH-N(14.48 kg/hm~2), and content of NO-N was relatively low(5.85 kg/hm~2). Atmospheric TP deposition was dominated by dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP)(2.36 kg/hm~2), and content of dissolved organic phosphorus(DOP) was low. The TN deposition fluxes in rice season(from June to October) and wheat season(from November to May in the next year) were 45.84 kg/hm~2 and 52.38 kg/hm~2, respectively, which accounted for 20% and 23% respectively of the total nitrogen fertilizer application in the current season. It was estimated that, the annual atmospheric TN deposition and TP deposition on the Chao Lake surface were 7 661.16 t and 255.06 t, respectively, which accounted for 48.41% and 32.57% of TN and TP inputs from main rivers entry to the lake. It can be seen that, nitrogen and phosphorus deposition in typical rice-wheat rotation area of Chao Lake basin is the important source of nitrogen and phosphorus input to the farmland ecosystem and the water body of Chao Lake.

关 键 词：巢湖流域 稻麦轮作 氮磷沉降 农田生态系统 巢湖水体 

分 类 号：X529[环境科学与工程—环境工程]