《黄帝内经》五行学说与《阿维森纳医典》四元素说的比较研究  

Comparison Between Five-Element Theory in Huangdi Neijing and Four-Element Theory in Avicenna’s Canon of Medicine

作　　者：倪奇 贾春华 赖敏 Ni Qi;Jia Chunhua;Lai Min(School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学中医学院,北京100029

出　　处：《世界科学技术-中医药现代化》2022年第3期1272-1277,共6页Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Materia Medica-World Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会面上项目(81373770):具身心智视域下的中医五行概念隐喻的认知心理语言逻辑研究,负责人:贾春华。

摘　　要：本文以《黄帝内经》中的五行学说与《阿维森纳医典》中的四元素说为研究对象,通过研读两部典籍,结合相关资料,对五行学说与四元素说进行比较研究,进而对其所代表的中医学与西方传统医学进行比较与思考。发现五行学说与四元素说具有相似的分类体系与同类别通应关系,并且均强调系统的“平衡”。这些相通之处使两种医学在说明人体构成,阐释人体内、外环境联系以及强调人体稳态等方面呈现出一些相通的特征。不同的是,五行学说重视取象思维,四元素说重视还原论;五行之间相生相克,四元素之间对立制约;五行学说要素关系较为复杂精密,四元素说要素关系较为原始简单;五行学说普适性较强,四元素说普适性较弱;五行运动变化、紧密关联,四元素永恒且独立。这些差异或使得中医学与西方传统医学走向了截然不同的方向。This paper tries to compare five-element theory in Huangdi Neijing with four-element theory in Avicenna’s Canon of Medicine, and discusses the similarities and differences between Chinese traditional medicine and Western traditional medicine. According to the results of the comparison, there are correspondences between these two theories in terms of taxonomies, relevance of the same category and emphasis on balance, leading to resemblances in such dimensions as the description of the human body’s constitution, explanation of the connection between internal and external body environments, and emphasis on homeostasis. As for differences, five-element theory features analogical thought, a more sophisticated system and better general applicability, while four-element theory owns reductionism thought, a simpler system and a narrower scope of application. Five-element theory is circular, in a constant state of change and tight-knit, while four-element theory is eternal, separate, mutually opposing and constraining. Due to all these divergences, Chinese traditional medicine and Western traditional medicine become diverse in the process of development.

关 键 词：黄帝内经 阿维森纳医典 五行学说 四元素说 

分 类 号：R211[医药卫生—中医学]