2020年洪涝灾害后安徽省钉螺扩散情况调查  

Investigation on the diffusion of snails after flood disaster in 2020 in Anhui Province

作　　者：代波[1] 汪天平[1] 许晓娟[1] 何家昶[1] 汪昊[1] 高风华[1] 丁宋军[1] 刘婷 张世清[1] DAI Bo;WANG Tian-ping;XU Xiao-juan;HE Jia-chang;WANG Hao;GAO Feng-hua;DING Song-jun;LIU Ting;ZHANG Shi-qing(Anhui Provincial Institute of Schistosomiasis Control,Hefei 230601,Anhui Province,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽省血吸虫病防治研究所,安徽合肥230601

出　　处：《热带病与寄生虫学》2022年第4期191-196,共6页Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology

基　　金：安徽省重点研究与开发计划项目(202104j07020001);安徽省卫生健康科研项目(AHWJ2021b008);安徽省医疗卫生重点专科资助项目。

摘　　要：目的了解2020年洪涝灾害后安徽省血吸虫病流行区钉螺分布情况,为制定防治措施提供依据。方法收集并分析2020年汛期降雨量、水位数据以及安徽省血吸虫病流行区受灾信息。2021年对安徽省流行血吸虫病的9个市50个县(市、区)开展钉螺调查,收集全省钉螺孳生环境及分布、新发和复现钉螺环境等相关信息,分析洪灾后全省钉螺扩散情况。结果2020年汛期,长江中下游流域遭受强降雨袭击,7月份降雨量达317.9 mm;长江大通水文站7月平均水位达到15.3 m,7月和8月的最高水位分别达到了16.2 m和15.4 m,均超过了该站的警戒水位(14.4 m)。安徽省共有255个(占71.43%)流行乡镇1138个(占47.98%)流行村受到洪涝灾害影响,溃堤(垸)数达130个。2021年,全省共查出钉螺面积20238.26 hm^(2),其中滩地环境有螺面积达16781.86 hm^(2);全省复现钉螺面积976.84 hm^(2),其中遭受洪水淹没的复现钉螺面积685.10 hm^(2);新发钉螺面积611.52 hm^(2),其中遭受洪水淹没的新发钉螺面积482.23 hm^(2)。钉螺复现和新发环境主要分布在长江及其支流水系,其中长江干流区域复现钉螺面积275.65 hm^(2)(占28.22%),新发钉螺面积223.93 hm^(2)(占36.62%)。复现和新发的钉螺环境类型主要是滩地,其中复现钉螺面积515.54 hm^(2)(占52.78%),新发钉螺面积470.79 hm^(2)(占76.99%)。复现和新发钉螺环境主要分布于传播阻断地区,其中复现钉螺面积917.45 hm^(2)(占93.92%),新发钉螺面积526.53 hm^(2)(占86.10%)。湖沼型流行区复现和新发钉螺面积较多,其中复现钉螺面积567.87 hm^(2)(占58.13%),新发钉螺面积477.79 hm^(2)(占78.13%)。结论2020年洪涝灾害对安徽省钉螺扩散产生了较严重的影响,需要进一步加强灾后钉螺监测及风险评估,开展对重点环境的钉螺控制工作。Objective To understand the status of snail distribution after flooding in Anhui Province in 2020 for evidence to formulate corresponding prevention and control measures. Methods The data on the rainfall and water level in flood season in 2020 as well as disaster information of schistosomiasis in the endemic areas in Anhui were collected and analyzed. In 2021, the snail habitats were investigated in 50 counties of 9 cities where schistosomiasis was endemic,and the information of snail breeding environment, snail distribution, newly emerging and re-emerging snails were collected to analyze the diffusion of snails in Anhui after the flood. Results In flood season of 2020, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River were hit by heavy rainfall, with rainfall of 317.9 mm in July. The average water level recorded at Datong hydrological station was 15.3 m in July, and the monthly maximum water level in July and August reached16.2 m and 15.4 m respectively, both exceeding the water line for alarming(14.4 m) at the station. A total of 71.43% of the endemic towns and 47.98% of the endemic villages in across Anhui were affected by the flood disaster, resulting in embankment breaches at 130 places. In 2021, snails were found in an area of 20 238.26 hm~2, of which 16 781.86 hm^(2) of lake and river beach were the major snail habitats. The area of snail re-emerging was 976.84 hm^(2) in total, in which685.10 hm^(2) was recurrent area of Oncomelania hupensis caused by the flood. The area of newly emerging snail was 611.52 hm^(2) , of which 482.23 hm^(2) was associated with the flood. The areas with re-emerging or newly emerged snails were primarily in the Yangtze River and its tributaries, among which the area of snail re-emerging in the main stream of the Yangtze River was 275.65 hm~2(28.22%), and the area of snail newly emerging was 223.93 hm~2(36.62%). The environment with snail re-emerging or newly emerging was most seen in beaches, where snails were re-emerged in 515.54hm~2(52.78%), and newly emerged in 470.79 hm~2(76

关 键 词：血吸虫病 洪涝灾害 钉螺扩散 安徽省 

分 类 号：R532.21[医药卫生—内科学] R184.38[医药卫生—临床医学]