2020年洪涝灾害后江西省钉螺扩散情况调查  

Investigation on the diffusion of snails after flood disaster in 2020 in Jiangxi Province

作　　者：谢婧姿 李宜锋 袁敏 何婷婷 李宗光 吕尚标 林丹丹 XIE Jing-zi;LI Yi-feng;YUAN Min;HE Ting-ting;LI Zong-guang;LÜShang-biao;LIN Dan-dan(Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases,Nanchang 330096,Jiangxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省寄生虫病防治研究所,江西南昌330096

出　　处：《热带病与寄生虫学》2022年第4期197-201,共5页Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71764011);江西省自然科学基金面上项目(20212BAB206074);江西省重点实验室计划项目(20192BCD40006);江西省卫生健康委科技计划项目(202130999、20204867)。

摘　　要：目的调查分析2020年洪涝灾害对江西省钉螺扩散的影响,为洪涝灾害发生地区钉螺监测和钉螺控制提供科学依据。方法收集2020年江西省血吸虫病流行区洪涝灾害资料,并于2021年春季调查受洪涝灾害影响的历史有螺环境和可疑环境的钉螺扩散情况,采用Excel 2016软件构建洪涝灾害后钉螺扩散调查数据库,统计分析各项螺情指标和钉螺扩散性质。结果2020年遭受洪涝灾害后,江西省有14个流行县(市、区)38个乡镇63个行政村的95个环境有不同程度的钉螺扩散现象,钉螺扩散面积达1411.37 hm^(2),其中山丘型地区钉螺扩散面积240.82 hm^(2)(占17.06%),湖沼型扩散面积1170.55 hm^(2)(占82.94%)。山丘型钉螺扩散环境数占总扩散环境数的80.00%(76/95),其活螺平均密度(0.5338只/0.1 m^(2))明显高于湖沼型(0.0558只/0.1 m^(2));山丘型钉螺扩散环境的活螺框出现率(24.63%)明显高于湖沼型(2.45%)。鄱阳湖区185座单退圩堤行洪后未发现钉螺向圩内蓄滞洪区可疑钉螺孳生环境扩散。结论洪涝灾害是钉螺扩散的主要因素,需加强灾后钉螺监测和控制工作,强化有螺环境禁牧监管,防止血吸虫病疫情回升。Objective To investigate and analyze the impact of the devastating flood in Jiangxi Province in 2020 on thespread of Oncomelania snails, so as to provide scientific basis for the monitoring and control of Oncomelania snails in areas following flood disaster. Methods The data on flood disaster were collected from schistosomiasis endemic areasin Jiangxi Province in 2020. Then investigations were conducted on snail spreading in the environments with snails inhistory, suspected with snails, and snail-free environment bordered in that with snail prevalence after flood disaster. Software Excel 2016 was used to construct the database for the snail spreading after flood disaster, and various indicators forsnail status and the nature of snail spreading were summed up and statistically analyzed. Results Snail spreading to acertain extent was found in 95 environments in 63 administrative villages in the 38 towns in 14 endemic counties (cities/districts) after the flood disaster in 2020. The spreading affected an area of 1 411.37 hm^(2), the diffusion area of Oncomelania snails in hill area was 240.82 hm^(2)(17.06%), and that in lake area was 1 170.55 hm^(2) (82.94%). Hilly type Oncomelania snails were found in 80.00% (76/95) of the total environment with snail diffusion, where the average density of livesnails was 0.533 8 snails/0.1 m^(2), and significantly higher than that of the marshland and lake type (0.055 8 snails/0.1 m^(2)).The occurrence rate by individual frame with living snails in diffusion environment of hilly type (24.63%) was significantly higher than that in lake type (2.45%). After flooding all 185 single retreated polders in Poyang Lake District, noenvironments were found to be suspected with snail breeding. Conclusion Catastrophic flood should be the major factor for spread of snails in the hilly environment. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and control ofsnails after the disaster to prevent the resurgence of schistosomiasis.

关 键 词：血吸虫病 洪涝灾害 钉螺扩散 江西省 

分 类 号：R532.21[医药卫生—内科学] R184.38[医药卫生—临床医学]