2020年洪涝灾害后湖北省钉螺扩散情况调查  

Investigation on the diffusion of snails after flood disaster in 2020 in Hubei Province

作　　者：王晖[1] 单晓伟[1] 钟晨晖[1] 刘斯[1] 杨军晶[1] 刘建兵[1] WANG Hui;SHAN Xiao-wei;ZHONG Chen-hui;LIU Si;YANG Jun-jing;LIU Jian-bing(Hubei Provincal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Wuhan 430079,Hubei Province,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省疾病预防控制中心,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《热带病与寄生虫学》2022年第4期202-205,209,共5页Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology

基　　金：湖北省卫生健康委科研项目(WJ2019D002)。

摘　　要：目的了解2020年洪涝灾害后湖北省钉螺扩散情况,为汛期控制钉螺扩散提供科学依据。方法采用系统抽样结合环境抽查法,以县为单位、以水系为单元,在2020年汛后开展钉螺扩散范围和钉螺上爬附着物情况调查,并对捕获的钉螺进行实验室检测。结果在湖北省63个血吸虫病流行县(市、区)及毗邻地区共调查933处环境,环境面积6965.77 hm^(2),涉及30余条水系,发现有20个流行县(市、区)有钉螺扩散,扩散总面积为4350.74 hm^(2),其中原有钉螺环境扩大面积为1360.39 hm^(2),复现钉螺环境面积1856.19 hm^(2),新发钉螺环境面积1134.16 hm^(2),捕获钉螺159997只,活螺149928只,未发现感染性钉螺。对出现钉螺扩散的20个流行县(市、区)开展钉螺上爬附着物情况调查,累计捡获钉螺85458只,在树木、墙面捡获钉螺较多,分别捡获33326只和35581只,未发现感染性钉螺。结论2020年洪涝灾害后,湖北省部分血吸虫病流行区出现较大面积的钉螺扩散,需加强洪灾后的钉螺调查和监测,及时发现和处置钉螺扩散环境。Objective To understand the status of snail diffusion in Hubei Province after the flood disaster in 2020 forscientific evidence to control snail spreading in flood season. Methods By systematic sampling and environmentalsampling method, we conducted survey on the snail diffusion, based on the water system in individual county, in thesnail habitats together with the materials/facilities with snails lodged after the flood in 2020, and the captured snails weresubjected to laboratory test. Results A total of 933 environments in 63 counties with schistosomiasis endemic and theneighboring areas were investigated in Hubei Province, which covered an environmental area of 6 965.77 hm^(2) involvedin more than 30 water systems. Snail diffusion was found in an area of 4 350.74 hm^(2) in 20 counties with schistosomiasisendemic. In total, 1 360.39 hm^(2) was expanded from the original environment with snails. Snail re-emerging was found in1 856.19 hm^(2), and newly emerging was seen in 1 134.16 hm^(2). The 159 997 snails were captured, in which 149 928 werelive snails. No infected snails were found. A total of 85 458 snails were captured from the materials/facilities in the 20 endemic counties, and the snails were most found in the trees (33 326 snails) and on the walls of infrastructure (35 581snails), yet infected snails were free. Conclusion Although the flood disaster in 2020 led to a large area of snail spreadin the schistosomiasis endemic area of Hubei Province. Nevertheless, control of snail spread in flood season should bethe focus of schistosomiasis control in the future.

关 键 词：血吸虫病 洪涝灾害 钉螺扩散 湖北省 

分 类 号：R532.21[医药卫生—内科学] R184.38[医药卫生—临床医学]