猪卵母细胞玻璃化冷冻保存的研究进展  

Research Progress on Vitrification Cryopreservation of Porcine Oocytes

作　　者：唐毓 杨镒峰[1] 张颖 王岩 薛海龙[1] 许保增[1] TANG Yu;YANG Yifeng;ZHANG Ying;WANG Yan;XUE Hailong;XU Baozeng(Institute of Special Animal and Plant Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Jilin Changchun 130112,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院特产研究所,吉林长春130112

出　　处：《中国畜牧杂志》2022年第8期13-19,共7页Chinese Journal of Animal Science

基　　金：吉林省自然科学基金(20190201170JC);国家自然科学基金(31772606);吉林省实验动物领域创新研究项目(20210506022ZP);中国农业科学院特产研究所科技创新项目(CAAS-ASTIP-ISAPS-2021-031)。

摘　　要：卵母细胞冷冻保存对于畜牧业生产和人类辅助生殖具有重要意义。随着玻璃化冷冻技术日趋成熟,其现已广泛应用于牛、羊等大家畜的卵母细胞冷冻保存。然而,猪卵母细胞的冷冻保存至今仍处于试验研究阶段,由于猪卵母细胞脂质含量高,对低温敏感,在玻璃化冷冻保存过程中极易受到冷冻保护剂毒性以及渗透胁迫、氧化应激等损伤,造成细胞骨架以及亚细胞器受损,最终导致细胞发育能力降低甚至死亡。近年来,人们在提高猪卵母细胞冷冻保存效率的研究中取得了突破性进展。本文简要介绍了卵母细胞冷冻保存的常见方法及作用机理,总结了猪卵母细胞在玻璃化冷冻过程中造成的细胞损伤类型及影响,概述了人们针对不同类型的冷冻损伤提出的解决方法和取得的成就,并对其应用前景进行展望,为今后提高猪卵母细胞的玻璃化冷冻效率提供新思路。Oocyte cryopreservation have important implications for livestock production and assisted human reproduction.The increasingly sophisticated vitrification freezing technology is now widely used for oocyte cryopreservation in large livestock such as cattle and sheep.However,the cryopreservation of porcine oocytes is still at the experimental stage,they are sensitive to low temperature and are extremely vulnerable to cryoprotectant toxicity,osmotic stress,oxidative stress and other damages during the vitrification process,resulting in damage to the cytoskeleton and subcellular organelles,which eventually leads to reduce cell developmental capacity or even death.For the past few years,breakthroughs have been made in research to improve the efficiency of cryopreservation of porcine oocytes.This article briefly introduces the common methods and the mechanism of action of oocyte cryopreservation,summarized the types and effects of cell damage caused by during vitrification of porcine oocytes;outlined the proposed solutions and achievements for different types of freezing damage,and prospect its applications foreground,providing new ideas for improving the efficiency of vitrification freezing of porcine oocytes in the future.

关 键 词：卵母细胞 玻璃化冷冻 冷冻效率 冷冻损伤 

分 类 号：S828.3[农业科学—畜牧学]