实践、历史和资本:马克思人与自然关系思想的三个维度  

Practice, History and Capital: Three Dimensions of Marx’s Thought on Man-Nature Relationship

作　　者：李凌波 苏百义 LI Lingbo;SU Baiyi(College of Marxism,Shandong Agricultural University)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2022年第4期33-42,共10页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：2019年度教育部高校示范马克思主义学院和优秀教学科研团队建设项目“马克思主义关于人与自然关系的思想教学研究”(19JDSZK100)。

摘　　要：实践、历史和资本是贯穿马克思人与自然关系思想的三个维度。第一,马克思在实践维度阐明人与自然是一种在人的感性活动中生成的感性对象性关系,超越了传统形而上学的自然观,消解了近代“主客二元对立”的思维方式,科学论证了人与自然辩证统一关系;第二,马克思在历史维度强调把自然置于人类社会历史之中,来把握历史演化进程中人与自然关系、人与人关系,以真正实现人、自然、社会三重关系的可持续发展;第三,马克思在资本维度澄明对生态问题的审视需同对资本逻辑的批判紧密结合,揭示出人与自然应然合一性丧失的社会根源,彰显出人与自然关系如何真正摆脱抽象统治的价值关怀。这种考察人与自然关系的复合视角展现出马克思对现实社会的生态批判和对未来社会的生态构想,折射出“实践的辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义”的哲学立场。科学研究和系统把握马克思人与自然关系思想,对于推进我国社会主义生态文明建设和全球生态安全具有重要而又深远的现实意义。Practice, history and capital are the three dimensions running through Marx ’ s thought on the man-nature relationship. In the practical dimension, Marx expounded the perceptuality and objectivity of the man-nature relationship generated from human ’ s perceptual activities, which went beyond the traditional metaphysical view of nature and dispelled the modern mentality of“dual opposition of subject and object”and demonstrated the dialectical and unified relationship between man and nature. In the historical dimension,Marx emphasized the position of nature in the history of human society and advocated properly handling the interpersonal relationship and the man-nature relationship in the process of historical evolution to realize the sustainable development of the triple relationship among man, nature and society. In the capital dimension,Marx pointed out that the examination of ecological problems should be closely associated with the criticism of capital logic, revealing the social roots of the lose of the supposed unity between man and nature, and showing how the man-nature relationship can be free from the value concern of abstract domination. The composite perspective of examining the man-nature relationship reveals Marx’s ecological criticism of the society and his ecological conception of the future society and reflects his philosophical standpoint of“dialectical materialism of practice and historical materialism”. A systematic research of Marx’s thought on the man-nature relationship is of importance and far-reaching practical significance for promoting the socialist ecological civilization development and global ecological security.

关 键 词：马克思 人与自然关系 实践 历史 资本 

分 类 号：B03[哲学宗教—哲学理论] A81