当归种植模式研究综述  

A review of research on cropping mode of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels

作　　者：龚成文[1] 米永伟[1] 张东佳[1] 邵武平[1] 王浩亮 GONG Chengwen;MI Yongwei;ZHANG Dongjia;SHAO Wuping;WANG Haoliang(Gansu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Chinese Herbal Medicine,Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China;Gansu Digital Materia Medica Inspection Center,Longxi Gansu 748100,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院中药材研究所甘肃省中药材种质改良与质量控制工程实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃数字本草检验中心,甘肃陇西748100

出　　处：《中兽医医药杂志》2022年第4期34-38,共5页Journal of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：甘肃省草原生态修复治理科技支撑项目(甘林草函[2020]72号);甘肃省重点研发计划(21YF5NA147);甘肃省科技支撑计划(1604FKCA104)。

摘　　要：当归为伞形科药用植物,主要分布于甘肃、云南、湖北等地,其栽培模式主要有育苗移栽和种子直播两种。通过对比分析种植模式形成的历史与缘由、种植环节与成本、药材性状与质量等方面的差异,发现当归最早采用作畦种子直播,明清时期由于春季干旱,直播保苗困难,形成了“育苗-假植-移栽”的种植模式。传统育苗移栽模式需进行垦荒育苗,易受自然环境影响,种苗质量和产量难以保证,还易造成生态破坏。种苗繁育必须选用三年种,种子生产周期需3年;同时要通过起苗、假植、移栽等多个环节,种苗易受机械损伤,引起麻口病发生;早期抽薹问题无法避免,药材外观性状发生明显变化。现代育苗措施虽能一定程度解决早期抽薹和生态环境问题,但存在成本高、移栽缓苗慢、储藏易烂苗等问题。当归直播种植模式充分利用了当归二年种,缩短了种子生产周期,简化了种植环节,有效规避了早抽薹,阻断了麻口病传播途径,保持了当归原有形态,药材性状与质量均符合药典标准要求。当归直播种植模式成本明显降低,具有较强的优势和推广前景,同时也为当归全程机械化种植提供了新的思路,但存在前期保苗投入高、药材个头小等问题。通过探讨两种模式的技术优势与劣势,为创新当归种植模式及克服技术瓶颈提供依据。Angelica sinensis(Oliv.) Diels has a long history of artificial cultivation for umbelliferous medicinal plant and is mainly distributed in Gansu,Yunnan,Hubei and other places.Its cultivation modes mainly include seedling cultivation and transplanting,and seed direct seeding.This paper compared and analyzed the history and reason of the formation of planting mode,the differences in planting process and cost,and the characters and quality of medicinal materials,aiming to explore the technical advantages and disadvantages of the two modes,in order to provide theoretical and technical basis for the innovation of planting mode of Angelica sinensis(Oliv.) Diels and the overcoming of technical bottlenecks.It was found that Angelica sinensis(Oliv.) Diels was the first to adopt direct seeding of seed in furrow.In Ming and Qing Dynasties,due to drought in spring,direct seeding was difficult to preserve seedlings,and the planting mode of seedling raising-false planting-transplanting was formed.Seedlings transplanting mode for reclamation of traditional,easily affected by the natural environment,the seedlings to guarantee the quality and yield is also easy to cause ecological destruction,and seedling breeding must choose three years,seed production should be 3 years cycle,at the same time through the seedlings,provisonal planting and transplanting,and other links,seedlings are susceptible to mechanical damage,Ditylenchus destructor disease occurs,early bolting problems cannot be avoided.The appearance and characters of medicinal materials changed obviously.Although modern seedling raising measures can solve the problems of early mossy extraction and ecological environment to a certain extent,there are some problems such as high cost,slow seedling transplanting and easy seedling storage.Seed direct seeding mode can fully utilize for biennial plants seed,shorten the seed production cycle,simplify the planting link,effectively avoid the early bolting,blocking Ditylenchus destructor disease transmission way,keep the original for

关 键 词：当归 移栽 直播 药材性状 抽薹 麻口病 

分 类 号：S853.7[农业科学—临床兽医学]