秋季在幼龄杧果树行间种植粮经作物的关键技术和应用前景  

The Application Prospect and Key Techniques of Planting Rational Crops Between Line Belt Fruit Trees of Young Mangifera in Autumn

作　　者：张德[1,2] 龙会英 ZHANG De;LONG Huiying(Tropical Eco-agriculture Research Institute,YAAS,Yuanmou,Yunnan 651300,China;Yuanmou Dry-Hot Valley Botancal Garden,Yuanmou,Yunnan 651300,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所,云南元谋651300 [2]元谋干热河谷植物园,云南元谋651300

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2022年第7期11-15,共5页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：彝乡产业技术领军人才项目(No.楚政发【2021】6号);云南省科学技术厅云南省技术创新人才培养项目(No.2011CI066);云南省农科院热区生态农业研究所重点科技项目(No.RQS2006-1)。

摘　　要：为充分利用金沙江干热河谷自然资源,提高杧果种植后1~3年果园的经济效益,增加果农收入。2015-2017年(即本区杧果种植后1—3年),秋季在杧果树行带间种植鲜食玉米、无筋豆、三月瓜、番茄、洋葱,初步分析种植短作作物后果园的效益,总结套种粮经作物关键的栽培技术:种植短作前,翻耕果树行间带土地,作物和良种选择、适时播种、合理密植和科学的水肥管理、病虫害绿色防控和防治、作物采收后及时清园等措施。提出了秋季在幼龄杧果树行间种植短作作物的应用前景:在幼龄杧果树行间种植5种粮经作物,均能以短养长,年增加幼龄杧果园收入5.1~16.7万元/hm^(2),填补种植杧果的成本和部分管理成本。In order to take full advantage of application natural resources in Jinshaojiang dry hot valley and improved economic benefits of young mangifera garden, increase the income of fruit growers, surveying planting situation of Zea mays,Phaseolus vulgaris L., Cucurbita pepo L., Lycopersicon esculentum and Allium cepa L between line belt fruit trees of young Mangifera in autumn from 2015 to 2017, analyzed the orchard benefit of planting short crops, summarized key technology of planting rational crops between line belt fruit trees of young Mangifera in autumn, Before planting short, land of fruit trees was need to be ploughing, crops variety selection, sowing time, rational close planting and scientific management, prevention and control of plant diseases and insect clear sundry and harvesting were carried out. The application prospect of planting rational crops between line belt fruit trees of young Mangifera in autumn was put forward. The annual average income 51 000~167 000 yuan·hm^(-2) by intercropping 5 kinds of crops between line belt fruit trees of young Mangifera in autumn, improved garden’s income, filled up management funds for the mangifera garden.

关 键 词：幼龄杧果树行间 种植 秋季 粮经作物 关键技术 应用前景 

分 类 号：S667.7[农业科学—果树学]