生活废弃物为何难以治理  

Why Is Household Waste Difficult to Treat

作　　者：王晓毅[1,2] 林子琪 Wang Xiaoyi;Lin Ziqi

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学社会学民族学院,北京100732 [2]中国社会科学院社会学研究所,北京100732 [3]中国社会科学院大学社会学院,北京102488

出　　处：《鄱阳湖学刊》2022年第4期70-78,126,共10页Journal of Poyang Lake

摘　　要：生活废弃物治理已经成为重要的环境议题。要理解生活废弃物治理难题,既要思考生活废弃物的生产与治理全过程,还需理解微观行为的宏观背景。当代经济增长模式是生活废弃物过度增长的根本原因;在生产垃圾过程中,企业赚取了高额利润,却把环境成本转嫁到社会;而因为认知与行为的反差,居民难以主动参与垃圾分类。要实现生活废弃物的有效管理,需要进行系统和整体的设计,践行生态文明和新发展理念;需要将生产、消费和废弃物治理置于一个统一框架中,强化生产者责任,落实商业流通者的义务;需要在生活废弃物管理的终端建立以人为本的社区参与,自下而上地探讨适合社区需求的垃圾分类方式,激励居民主动参与废弃物治理。Household waste treatment has become an important environmental issue which needs to be considered not only from the whole process of household waste production and treatment but also from the macro background of the micro behavior.The fundamental reason for the excessive growth of household waste lies in the contemporary economic growth model,in which enterprises earn high profits but pass on environmental costs to the society in the process of producing waste while residents rarely take the initiative to classify waste because of the contrast between cognition and behavior.The measures to ensure effective management of household waste are as follows:to put ecological civilization and new development concepts into practice with a systematic and overall deployment;to place production,consumption and waste management in a unified framework,stress the producer’s responsibility,and firm up the obligations of the commercial distributor;to form a people-oriented type of waste classification at the terminal of household waste management,which encourages community participation and exploration of suitable methods and motivates residents to actively engage in waste treatment.

关 键 词：环境治理 生活废弃物管理 垃圾分类 新发展理念 

分 类 号：X799.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]