危机演化与应急学习:城市风险管理的运作逻辑  

Crisis Evolution and Emergency Learning:Framework and Logic of Urban Risk Management

作　　者：李娉[1] 杨宏山[2] LI Ping;YANG Hongshan

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学人文与社会科学学院,北京102206 [2]中国人民大学公共管理学院,北京100872

出　　处：《城市发展研究》2022年第7期74-80,共7页Urban Development Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国特色政策试验与政府间学习机制研究”(19ZDA123)。

摘　　要：应急学习是决策者应对不确定性,处理城市风险情境的重要方式。基于组织学习的视角,城市风险管理可理解为经验利用型学习、危机应激型学习、共识强化型学习、范式重构型学习共同作用的过程。应急学习受政治权威主导,中央关注度越高,组织学习的推进速度就越快;曾经有过类似危机处置经验的地方,应急方案会更加完备;当危机开始减弱,决策者对应急知识进行重新梳理和再结构化,通过范式学习对风险管理进行机制设计。应急学习具体通过危机研判、权威动员、碎片弥合、反思重构四种机制运作,经历直觉型知识、概念型知识、系统型知识的转化过程。Emergency learning is an important way for decision-makers to deal with uncertainties and risk scenarios risk.From the perspective of organizational learning,urban risk management can be understood as a process of experience utilization learning,crisis stress learning,consensus strengthening learning and paradigm reconstruction learning.Emergency learning is dominated by political authority.The more attention the central goverment pays,the faster onganizational learning will advance.Where there has been similar experience in crisis management,the emergency plan will be more complete;When the crisis begins to weaken,the decision-makers restructure the emergency knowledge,and design the mechanism of risk management through paradigm learning.Emergency learning operates through four mechanisms:crisis research and judgment,authority mobilization,fragment bridging and reflection and reconstruction,and experiences the transformation process of intuitive knowledge,conceptual knowledge and systematic knowledge.

关 键 词：风险管理 应急学习 危机管理 范式重构 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]