农业机械化对小麦全要素生产率的影响及其空间溢出效应  

Effect of Agricultural Mechanization on Total Factor Productivity of Wheat and Its Spatial Spillover Effect

作　　者：吴海霞[1] 郝含涛 史恒通[1] 葛岩[2] WU Haixia;HAO Hantao;SHI Hengtong;GE Yan

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学国际商学院,西安710119 [2]中央财经大学财税学院,北京100081

出　　处：《农业技术经济》2022年第8期50-68,共19页Journal of Agrotechnical Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“经济激励、同群效应与小麦种植户绿色施肥行为——基于随机干预实验的研究”(编号:71973087);国家自然科学基金青年项目“激励异质性对农业技术推广的影响研究——基于北方麦区随机干预实验的分析”(编号:72003215);教育部人文社科青年基金项目“基于生物多样性价值评估的自然保护地生态补偿机制研究”(编号:20YJC790114);陕西省社科基金项目“流通创新视角下陕西省农产品质量安全追溯体系融合优化研究”(编号:2019D024);中央高校基本科研业务经费专项资金项目“同群效应对农户绿色施肥行为的影响研究:基于汾渭平原冬麦区随机对照实验的分析”(编号:20SZYB21)。

摘　　要：基于1997—2018年全国15个小麦主产省份的面板数据,运用空间Durbin模型,探究农业机械化对小麦全要素生产率的影响及空间溢出效应。研究表明:第一,农业机械化推广有助于提高小麦全要素生产率和技术效率,这一效率的提高在小麦机收环节效果显著;第二,农机跨区作业具有显著的空间溢出效应,且空间溢出效应在纬度方向显著,经度方向不显著;第三,随着本地农机市场的发展,本地农机服务将逐步替代跨区农机服务,表现为2013年后,小麦全要素生产率和技术效率的提高逐渐以本地农机作业的贡献为主,且农机跨区作业范围已由跨省逐步缩小至省内作业;第四,本地小麦机械化作业面积的提高,促使更多小麦种植户卷入外部分工,进而诱导本地农机市场的发展并逐步将跨区农机服务挤出。Based on the panel data of 15 major wheat-producing provinces in China from 1997 to 2018,this paper uses the spatial Durbin model to explore the impact of agricultural mechanization on wheat total factor productivity(TFP)and the spatial spillover effect.The results show that:First,the promotion of agricultural mechanization is helpful to improve the TFP and technical efficiency of wheat,and the improvement of the efficiency has a significant effect in the wheat mechanical harvesting process;Second,the agricultural machinery cross-regional operation has a significant spatial spillover effect,and the spatial spillover effect is significant in latitude direction,but not in longitude direction;Third,with the development of the local agricultural machinery market,the local agricultural machinery services will gradually replace the cross-regional agricultural machinery services,which shows that after 2013,the improvement of wheat TFP and technical efficiency is mainly due to the contribution of local agricultural machinery operations,and the scope of cross-regional operation of agricultural machinery has been gradually reduced from cross-provincial operation to intra-provincial operation;Fourth,with the increase of local mechanized wheat operation area,more wheat farmers are involved in the external division of labor,which induces the development of local agricultural machinery market and gradually pushes out the cross-regional agricultural machinery service.

关 键 词：全要素生产率 农业机械化 农机跨区作业 空间溢出效应 

分 类 号：F323.3[经济管理—产业经济] F326.11