南京大报恩寺出土琉璃建材的分类及成分分析  

A Test Analysis of Types and Formulae of The Color-Glazed Building Stuff Excavated at Nanjing Grand Bao’en Temple Site

作　　者：唐雪梅[1] 于璐 李合[3] 丁银忠[3] Tang Xuemei;Yu Lu;Li He;Ding Yinzhong

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院器物部 [2]潍坊市博物馆 [3]故宫博物院文保科技部

出　　处：《故宫博物院院刊》2022年第8期101-110,142,共11页Palace Museum Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“南京大报恩寺遗址考古发现与研究”(项目编号:18ZDA221)子课题“大报恩寺遗址出土明代琉璃研究”的资助,系该项目的阶段性研究成果;2021年国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项招标项目“隋唐洛阳城遗址考古发掘资料的整理和综合研究”(项目编号:LSYZD21019)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：为揭示南京报恩寺遗址考古发掘出土明代早期琉璃构件的胎釉成分特征、制釉技术的时代特征,并进一步探讨报恩寺建筑用琉璃胎体原料来源问题,本文在对所选标本进行分类的基础上,采用X射线荧光能谱仪(EDXRF)对南京报恩寺考古发掘出土的明代早期琉璃标本以及相关窑址标本、制瓷原料进行了测试研究。结果表明:以南京报恩寺遗址出土明代早期琉璃为代表的官式琉璃铅釉技术继承了元代琉璃釉的配比,但从明代至清代早期琉璃釉的配比发生了变化。南京报恩寺遗址出土琉璃标本根据胎体特征可分为三大类,其中白胎琉璃采用了安徽当涂的制瓷原料烧制而成,深红色胎体琉璃则采用了南京方山地区的红土烧制,瓷质构件来自景德镇。此外,红胎琉璃标本推测采用了安徽白土掺和方山红土烧制而成。The testing report to the early-Ming color-glazed sampled-shards unearthed at the sites of Nanjing Bao’ en Temple and the related kilns and the raw stuff for porcelainproduction indicates the following:the formula of the Nanjing Bao’ en Temple’ s early-Ming color-glazed objects as the typical Guan-styled lead-glaze was based on that of the Yuan Dynasty,got changed in ratio from the Ming to the early Qing dynasty.The sampled-shards of Nanjing Bao’ en Temple site have three in category by content and feature:the whiteglazed porcelain is fired with the raw material from Dangtu of Anhui province,the dark red-glazed is made of the red clay from Fangshan of Nanjing,and the articles of ceramic components are made in Jingdezhen,and the red-glazed porcelain is the mixture of Anhui’s white clay and Fangshan’ s red clay together.

关 键 词：报恩寺 琉璃 分类 制釉技术 胎体原料 成分 能谱仪 

分 类 号：K876.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] O657.34[历史地理—历史学]