美利坚民族形成的影响因素及其特点  

The Influential Factors and its Characteristics of the Formation of American Nation

作　　者：杨建国 YANG Jian-guo(College of History and Culture,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang 453000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学历史文化学院,河南新乡453000

出　　处：《唐山师范学院学报》2022年第4期78-84,共7页Journal of Tangshan Normal University

基　　金：国家级科研项目培育基金项目(2019PW15);河南省哲社规划项目(2018BLS009)。

摘　　要：美利坚民族形成的影响因素主要有清教主义、自由主义、独立革命以及西进运动。清教主义提供的是“选民观”和“天命观”;自由主义提供的是反对专制和压迫,主张机会均等与公平竞争;独立革命提供的是民主共和政体和保障基本人权;西进运动提供的是个人主义、不尚保守与人格平等。美国国民性具有双重性特点:道义精神上凸显美国“例外论”和“山巅之城”,社会现实上强调美国人务实和追求实效。美利坚民族的鲜明特点是:看重个性自由和自力更生,看重平等性的机会和竞争,看重物质财富和敬业进取。The main factors influencing the formation of the American nation are Puritanism, Liberalism, Independent Revolution and Westward Movement. Puritanism provided a “view of voters” and “view of destiny”;Liberalism provided opposition to autocracy and oppression, and advocated equal opportunities and fair competition;Independent Revolution provided a democratic republic and guaranteed basic human rights;Westward Movement offered individualism, nonconservativeness and equality of personality. The national character of the United States has dual characteristics: the moral spirit highlights the American “exceptionalism” and “City on a Hill”, and the social reality emphasizes the pragmatism and pursuit of practical results of the United States. The distinctive characteristics of the American nation are: it values individual freedom and self-reliance, equal opportunities and competition, material wealth, dedication and enterprising.

关 键 词：美利坚民族 清教主义 自由主义 美国独立革命 西进运动 

分 类 号：K712.54[历史地理—历史学]