新时期延安市林草植被建设若干问题研究  

Some Issues About Afforestation and Grassland Construction in Yan’an City in the New Era

作　　者：山仑[1,2] 徐炳成[1,2] SHAN Lun;XU Bingcheng(State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《人民黄河》2022年第9期6-10,45,共6页Yellow River

基　　金：中国工程院农业学部咨询研究项目(2019-XY-65)。

摘　　要：我国从1999年开始实施的退耕还林(草),在取得显著成效的同时也逐渐显现一些新问题,有必要对其进行科学评估和系统梳理。为了给新时期黄土高原生态建设和高质量发展提供科学依据,基于实地调研资料和1990—2020年典型年份遥感影像解译资料,对延安市实施退耕还林(草)及林草植被建设取得的成效和面临的问题进行综合评估分析,并提出了具体的对策建议。延安市实施退耕还林(草)取得的成效:生态质量明显提高,土地利用结构迅速调整,促进了农业产业结构调整,助推了农民脱贫致富,林草面积快速增加,植被恢复良好。当前延安市林草植被建设面临的问题:大规模植被恢复改变了地表水文过程(有限降水量被大量蒸散发,不利于已建植被的后续稳定生长和生态服务功能的持续发挥),退耕造林林分类型单一问题突出,人工草地建设规模具有局限性,大面积天然草地亟待合理开发利用。对延安市未来林草植被建设的建议:开展区域农业综合评估和规划,加强退耕还林(草)生态效应的监测与评估,有计划、有步骤对部分林分和树种进行调整,加强天然草地的抚育管理和合理利用,培育和建立畜牧业可持续发展体系。The Grain for Green Project(GGP),which was implemented in China since 1999,has achieved remarkable achievements,but some new issues have gradually emerged,and it is necessary to carry out scientific evaluation and systematic sorting.In order to provide scientific basis for the ecological construction and high-quality development of the Loess Plateau in the new period,this paper comprehensively evaluated and analyzed the achievements and problems of afforestation and grassland construction in Yan’an City after the implementation of GGP,and put forward specific countermeasures and suggestions based on the field investigation and remote sensing image interpretation of typical years from 1990 to 2020.The achievements obtained by the implementation of GGP in Yan’an City are as follows:ecological quality has been improved obviously,land use structure has been adjusted rapidly,agricultural industrial structure has been adjusted,farmers have been lifted out of poverty and become rich,forest and grassland area has been rapidly enlarged and vegetation recovered well.The problems in vegetation construction that Yan’an City currently faced are:vegetation restoration on a large scale has changed surface hydrological processes(limited precipitation is expended through evapotranspiration,and is not conducive to subsequent stable growth of established vegetation and the ecological service function of continuous play),forest types are single during afforestation,artificial grassland construction scale has limitations,and large area of natural grassland needs to be reasonably explored.Suggestions for vegetation construction in Yan’an City in the future:to carry out comprehensive evaluation and planning of regional agriculture,to strengthen ecological effect monitoring and evaluation of GGP,to optimize forest stand and tree species step by step,to strengthen tending management and rational utilization of natural grassland,and to support and build animal husbandry sustainable development system.

关 键 词：退耕还林(草) 植被建设 生态质量 土地利用结构 林分改造 草地管理 延安市 

分 类 号：S727.2[农业科学—林木遗传育种] X171.4[农业科学—林学]