多沙河流水库“蓄清调浑”设计运用研究进展  

Research Progress of Design and Operation of “Storing Clean Water and Regulating Muddy Flow” of Reservoirs in Sediment-Laden River

作　　者：张金良 ZHANG Jinliang(Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Key Laboratory of Water Management and Water Security for Yellow River Basin,Ministry of Water Resources(Under Construction),Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司,河南郑州450003 [2]水利部黄河流域水治理与水安全重点实验室(筹),河南郑州450003

出　　处：《人民黄河》2022年第9期24-29,共6页Yellow River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402503,2018YFC1508404)。

摘　　要：从理论研究、技术应用和工程实践3个层面系统梳理了多沙河流水库设计运用的发展历程,其发展先后经历了“蓄水拦沙”“蓄清排浑”“蓄清调浑”3个阶段。进入“蓄清调浑”阶段以来,在理论研究层面,揭示了泄水建筑物布设与水库排沙及有效库容保持的互馈机制、高含沙水流能耗机理、输沙能量转换机理,为多沙河流水库设计运用提供了理论基础;在技术应用上,水库拦沙库容再生利用与多元化利用、淤积形态与库容分布耦合设计技术及水沙分置开发技术均得到了创新发展,为超高、特高含沙河流上重大水利枢纽工程开发建设提供行之有效的途径;在工程实践中,以小浪底水库为代表的运用实践,以及黄河古贤、泾河东庄和马莲河等重大水利工程为代表的规划设计,为“蓄清调浑”设计运用提供了丰富的理论与技术支撑,未来结合工程建设运行可进一步验证完善“蓄清调浑”运用理论及设计技术。Systematically summarized the development process of design and operation of reservoirs in sediment-laden river from three aspects:theoretical research,technical application and engineering practice. Up to now,it had experienced three stages of“storing water and blocking sediment”, “storing clean water and discharging muddy flow”and“storing clean water and regulating muddy flow”. Since entering the stage of“storing clean water and regulating muddy flow”,at the level of theoretical research,the mutual feeding mechanism between the layout of water release structures and the sediment discharge of the reservoir and the maintenance of effective storage capacity,the energy consumption mechanism of high sediment concentration flow,and the energy conversion mechanism of sediment transport have been revealed,which provides a theoretical basis for design and operation of reservoirs in sediment-laden river;In terms of technical application,the renewable utilization and diversified utilization of sediment detention capacity of the reservoir,the coupling design technology of siltation morphology and storage capacity distribution,and the development technology of water and sediment separation have all been innovated and developed,which has found an effective way for the development of major water conservancy projects on super-high and ultra-high sediment laden rivers;In engineering practice,the operation practice represented by Xiaolangdi Reservoir and the planning and design represented by major water conservancy projects such as Guxian of the Yellow River,Dongzhuang of Jinghe River and Malian River in Gansu Province provide rich theoretical and technical support for the design and application of“storing clean water and regulating muddy flow”. In the future,combined with the construction and operation of the project,the application theory and design technology of“storing clean water and regulating muddy flow”can be further verified and improved.

关 键 词：水库泥沙 蓄水拦沙 蓄清排浑 蓄清调浑 设计运用 

分 类 号：TV145[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]