青贮玉米切叶蚁上颚仿生粉碎刀片设计与试验  

Design and test of bionic crushing blade based on the mandible of the leaf-cutter ant for harvesting silage maize

作　　者：张黎骅 罗惠中 周杨 邱清宇 袁森林 蔡金雄 Zhang Lihua;Luo Huizhong;Zhou Yang;Qiu Qingyu;Yuan Senlin;Cai Jinxiong(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Sichuan Agricultural University,Ya’an 625000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学机电学院,雅安625000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2022年第12期48-56,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家玉米产业体系专项资金资助项目(CARS-02)。

摘　　要：针对青贮玉米收获机粉碎刀片锋利度差、滑切性能弱等问题,该研究以切叶蚁上颚为设计原型,采用逆向工程技术提取并拟合其上颚滑切曲线,并依据该曲线设计一种仿生刃口曲线。应用EDEM构建秸秆离散元模型进行仿真切割试验,对比仿生刀片、斜刃刀片、直刃刀片在横切角90°、切削角0°参数条件下对秸秆的切割力变化过程,并利用高速摄像机记录台架对比试验中秸秆切割变形过程,结果表明秸秆切割变形过程可分为3个阶段:挤压阶段、切割阶段及贯穿阶段。仿真试验中仿生刀片对秸秆的最大切割力相较斜刃刀片、直刃刀片分别降低4.05%、6.09%,台架对比试验中仿生刀片对秸秆的最大切割力相较斜刃刀片、直刃刀片分别降低10.53%、12.82%,仿生刀片在提高秸秆切面平整度和降低秸秆最大切割力方面均具有明显优势。以刀型、横切角、切削角为试验因素,以秸秆的最大切割力为试验指标开展秸秆切割台架正交试验。试验结果表明:刀型、横切角对秸秆的最大切割力有极显著影响(P<0.01),切削角对秸秆的最大切割力有显著影响(P<0.05)。使用较优参数组合进行验证试验的结果表明,横切角90°、切削角20°、仿生刀片对秸秆的最大切割力为623.3 N。研究结果可为青贮玉米收获机粉碎刀片设计提供理论参考。A crushing blade has been one of the most important components during harvesting corn for silage in modern agriculture.However,the existing crushing blade cannot fully meet the high requirement of sharpness and slip cutting performance of the silage corn harvester.In this study,a bionic crushing blade was proposed under the mandible of the leaf-cutting ant as a prototype.A kinematic model of the mandible was firstly established to clarify the cutting principle of the leaf-cutting ant.A bionic edge curve was then designed to extract the contour curve of the mandible of the leaf-cutting ant.A reverse engineering was also used to fit the slip-cutting curve.As such,a discrete element model was established in the stalk cutting test using an EDEM software.The evolution of stalk cutting force was then explored under the same parameter setting of bionic,oblique,and straight blade blades.A bench test was carried out to record the stalk cutting deformation using a high-speed camera.The simulation and high-speed camera results show that the stalk cutting deformation was divided into three stages:extrusion,cutting,and through the stage.Specifically,the blade continued to compress the stalk skin in the extrusion stage,until the cutting force increased sharply to the blade’s downward pressure exceeding the strength of the stalk skin that caused by the skin rupture,where the cutting force appeared at the first peak after a small decline in the cutting force.The blade was used to cut the stalk with the increase of cutting force,where the maximum cutting force appeared instantly,and then dropped sharply in the cutting stage.The cutting force decreased sharply to a stable state for the stalk cutting in the through the stage,when there was only friction between the blade and the stalk.Correspondingly,the maximum cutting forces of the bionic blade in the simulation were 4.05%and 6.09%lower than those of the angled and straight blade,respectively.By contrast,the maximum cutting forces of the bionic blade in the bench test were 10.5

关 键 词：仿真 秸秆 仿生 切叶蚁 青贮玉米 粉碎刀片 

分 类 号：S225.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程]