六种冠层阻力模型在冬小麦蒸散估算中的应用  

Application of six canopy resistance models for estimating winter wheat evapotranspiration

作　　者：郭仲英 吴英楠 李巧珍[1] 顾峰雪[1] 刘晓英[1] 李玉中[1] 钟秀丽[1] Guo Zhongying;Wu Yingnan;Li Qiaozhen;Gu Fengxue;Liu Xiaoying;Li Yuzhong;Zhong Xiuli(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,CAAS,Beijing 100098,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100098

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2022年第12期109-117,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0201702);国家自然科学基金项目(41371065)。

摘　　要：蒸散量是农田水循环中水分损失的主要途径,其准确估算对节水灌溉具有重要意义。单源的Penman-Monteith(P-M)模型是最常用的蒸散量估算方法,但模型中冠层阻力的合理参数化一直是研究中的难点。该研究选取常用6种冠层阻力模型,使用北京顺义2 a(2020年和2021年)的波文比实测结果,分析不同模型进行冬小麦冠层阻力及蒸散估算的可行性。结果表明:1)无参数校正条件下,6种模型均低估了冬小麦冠层阻力,同时高估了蒸散量。其中,Todorovic模型(TD)的普适性最好,其模拟的冠层阻力、蒸散量与实测值的R2都在0.605及以上;耦合的冠层阻力模型(CO模型)普适性最差,冠层阻力、蒸散量与实测值的R2分别为0.113、0.046;2)进一步使用2021年的试验数据进行模型参数校正、2020年的数据进行验证,发现校正后的JA、CO、GA、KP及FAO56-PM模型计算的冠层阻力和蒸散量与实测值的一致性大幅提高。除JA模型低估冠层阻力外,其余均高估冠层阻力、低估蒸散量。其中KP模型模拟的冠层阻力和蒸散量效果最好,R2均在0.907及以上,而其余5种模型估算精度也较好。6种模型的估算精度排序为KP、GA、TD、FAO56-PM、CO、JA。综上,所评价的模型校正后均可作为P-M模型的冠层阻力输入来估算冬小麦蒸散量,但TD模型不需要参数校正,在数据不足时可作为首选;而KP模型参数较少,校正后拟合精度最高,在数据充足时可作为首选。研究结果对华北地区使用P-M一步法计算冬小麦蒸散量具有重要价值。Evapotranspiration(ET)is the main way of water loss in the farmland water cycle in precision agriculture.An accurate ET estimation is of great significance for water-saving irrigation.Extensive studies have been carried out on ET measurement and simulation in recent years.Among them,the single source Penman-Monteith(P-M)model has been one of the most commonly-used models.But,a major challenge still remained on the accurate parameterization of canopy resistance in the P-M.In this study,six commonly-used canopy resistance models were selected to test the simulated canopy resistance with the P-M for the direct estimation of winter wheat ET.The P-M simulated ET was compared with the measured values of Bowen ratio over the wheat canopy in Shunyi District,Beijing for two years(2020 and 2021).The results showed that:1)The six models underestimated the canopy resistance of winter wheat,but overestimated ET with the original parameters.Among them,the Todorovic model(TD)performed the best,where the R2 between the measured and simulated for the canopy resistance and ET were above 0.605,the Mean Bias Error(MBE)of-82.8 s/m and 10.4 W/m2,respectively,with the Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)of 254.4 s/m and 33.5 W/m2.The coupled canopy resistance model(CO model)performed the worst,where the R2 for the canopy resistance and ET were 0.113 and 0.046,respectively,with the MBE of-236.4 s/m and 97.4 W/m2,as well as the corresponding RMSE of 373.8 s/m and 147.9 W/m2,respectively.The RMSE was ranked as a decreased order by TD,FAO56-PM,Katerji Perrier(KP),Garcıá-Santos(GA),Jarvis(JA),and CO.2)Further parameter calibration with the data of 2021 and the verification with data of 2020 showed that there was greatly improved performance in the simulated wheat canopy resistance and ET by JA,CO,GA,KP,and FAO56-PM.Except the JA model underestimated the wheat canopy resistance,the others overestimated the canopy resistance and underestimated the wheat ET.Specifically,the KP obtained the best prediction,where the R2 values for the canopy resistanc

关 键 词：蒸散 灌溉 模型 冠层阻力模型 冬小麦 PENMAN-MONTEITH 

分 类 号：P426.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]