银川市地震应急避难场所适宜性评价  

Suitability Evaluation of Earthquake Emergency Shelters in Yinchuan City

作　　者：孙嘉欣 王晨曦 余国良 SUN Jia-xin;WANG Chen-xi;YU Guo-liang(Earthquake Administration of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Ningxia Yinchuan 750001,China;Geological Bureau of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Ningxia Yinchuan 750001,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏回族自治区地震局,宁夏银川750001 [2]宁夏回族自治区地质局,宁夏银川750001

出　　处：《防灾减灾学报》2022年第3期63-70,共8页Journal of Disaster Prevention And Reduction

基　　金：宁夏地震局科研专项基金课题(NX202018);宁夏地震局科研专项基金课题(NX202213)。

摘　　要：近年来,随着银川市人口的不断增加,主城区建设发展加剧,对城市应急避难场所需求显的尤为重要。研究以地理信息空间分析方法为基础,运用物元可拓模型,构建银川市主城区地震应急避难场所适宜性评价模型。结果表明:(1)从综合评价结果来看,待评价的16个应急避难场所均为适宜,适宜性普遍较高;(2)从综合评价指标来看,安全性、可达性、有效性均是影响银川市应急避难场所适宜性的因素。从二级指标来看,地势、与重大危险源间的距离、容纳人数、开放空间比是影响地震应急避难场所适宜性的主要因子,路网密度、与医院距离、与消防点距离、与公安局距离是影响地震应急避难场所适宜性的次要因子;(3)评价结果中,中山公园为高度适宜,其主要原因在于地势平坦,周围路网密度高;大团结广场和海宝公园为较适宜,影响其因素为与医院、消防点、公安局的距离。本文通过评价指标体系的建构,侧重于物元可拓模型的定量化解算对银川市地震应急避难场所适宜性进行等级划分,可为城市应急避难场所更好地服务于市民灾患时的庇护与救助需求提供支持,对提高应急处理能力具有一定指导意义。With the increasing population of Yinchuan,the construction and development of the main urban area should be intensified,and the demand for urban emergency shelters is particularly important.This work used the spatial analysis of geographic information and the matter-element analysis to construct the suitability evaluation model of earthquake emergency shelters in the main urban area of Yinchuan.The results showed that:(1)the evaluated 16 emergency shelters are all suitable,and the suitability is generally high;(2)Safety,accessibility,and effectiveness are the factors affecting the suitability of emergency shelters.The second stage indicators shows that the terrain,the distance from major hazard sources,the number of people accommodated and the open space ratio are the main factors affecting the suitability.The road network density,the distance from hospitals,the distance from fire points and the distance from the public security bureau are the secondary factors affecting the suitability;(3)The evaluation result shows that,Zhongshan Park is the most suitable,which is mainly due to the flat terrain and high density of surrounding road network;Datuanjie Square and Haibao Park are more suitable,influenced by the distance from the hospital,fire facilities and Public Security Bureau.Through the construction of evaluation index system,this paper focused on the quantitative solution of matter-element extension model to classify the suitability of earthquake emergency shelters in Yinchuan,which could support emergency shelters serving and rescuing citizens better when earth quaked.What’s more,this study also had some significance to improve the ability of emergency response capability of Yinchuan.

关 键 词：地震应急避难所 物元可拓模型 银川市 

分 类 号：P315.9[天文地球—地震学] TU984[天文地球—固体地球物理学]