母牛难产的风险病因——基于系列案例研究  

Risk Factors of Dystocia in Cows: Based on Case Series

作　　者：邓宇 王景景 王浩千 张志平[1] 祁兴磊 王新卫[1] 邓立新[1] DENG Yu;WANG Jing-jing;WANG Hao-qian;ZHANG Zhi-ping;QI Xing-lei;WANG Xin-wei;DENG Li-xin(College of Veterinary Medicine,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046;Biyang Country Xianan Cattle Technology Development Co.,Ltd,Biyang,Henan 463700)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学动物医学院,郑州450046 [2]泌阳县夏南牛科技开发有限公司,河南泌阳463700

出　　处：《中国牛业科学》2022年第4期15-19,共5页China Cattle Science

基　　金：现代农业肉牛牦牛产业技术体系项目(CARS-37)。

摘　　要：[目的]难产是繁殖母牛的常见疾病,危害母牛和犊牛健康,进行难产牛原因分析有助于兽医或者牛场做好接产工作,提高生产力。[方法]在万方数据服务平台、CNKI中国知网、Elsevier SD数据库和“SCI—科学引文索引”上,用关键词“难产”、“病例”、“牛”精确搜索我国相关的案例,统计筛除后的病例数,对牛难产原因进行统计和分析。本文“CI”表示置信区间。[结果]检索获得母牛难产的病例总数为753例,难产原因占比最大的是胎儿性难产有525例,占69.72%(95%CI 66.3-73.0);其次是产道异常(骨折造成骨盆畸形,子宫颈、阴道、阴门狭窄造成的产道异常)造成的难产89例,占11.82%(95%CI 9.6-14.3);阵缩及努责无力造成的难产41例,占5.44%(95%CI 3.9-7.3);子宫扭转造成的难产38例,占5.05%(95%CI 3.6-6.9);子宫颈开张不全造成的难产26例,占3.46%(95%CI 2.3-5.0);营养不良造成的难产18例,占2.39%(95%CI 1.4-3.8);双胎难产9例,占1.20%(95%CI 0.5-2.3);人为因素和其他因素造成的难产有7例,占0.93%(95%CI 0.4-1.9)。[结论]引起母牛难产的最主要的因素是胎儿性难产、产道异常。兽医在实际临床中,应快速、准确确定母牛难产的病因,采取对应接产措施,减少经济损失。[Objective] Dystocia is a common disease in breeding cows, which not only harms the health of cows, and calves, but also leads to the decrease of reproductive ability and development of the cattle industry. [Method] Based on Wanfang data, CNKI, Elsevier SD database, and Web of Science, the relevant cases in China were searched accurately with the keywords “dystocia”, “case” and “cattle”. The number of cases after the screening was counted, and the causes of cow dystocia were counted and analyzed. [Result] The total number of cases of dystocia in cows was 753. The most common cause of dystocia was fetal dystocia with 525 cases(69.72%(95%CI 66.3-73.0)), followed by the abnormal birth canal(pelvic deformity caused by fracture, abnormal birth canal caused by cervical, vaginal and vaginal stricture) with 89 cases(11.82%(95%CI 9.6-14.3)). There were 41 cases of contraction weakness, accounting for 5.44%(95%CI 3.9-7.3), 38 cases of uterine torsion, accounting for 5.05%(95%CI 3.6-6.9), 26 cases of the incomplete opening of the cervix, accounting for 3.46%(95%CI 2.3-5.0), 18 cases of malnutrition, accounting for 2.39%(95%CI 1.4-3.8), 9 cases of twins dystocia, accounting for 1.20%(95%CI 0.5-2.3), and 7 cases of dystocia caused by human and other factors, accounting for 0.93%(95%CI 0.4-1.9). And most of the cases were concentrated in Guangxi, Yunnan, Heilongjiang, and Jilin. Basically, all cows could survive, but the survival rate of calves varies greatly due to different causes of dystocia. [Conclusion] The main factors causing cow dystocia are fetal dystocia and abnormal birth canal. In clinical practice, veterinarians should determine the cause of dystocia in cows quickly and accurately, and take corresponding delivery measures to reduce economic losses.

关 键 词：母牛 难产 难产原因 案例 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]