规模化奶牛场繁育管理与关键产科病防治  

Breeding Management and Treatment of Key Obstetric Diseases in Large-scale Dairy Farms

作　　者：王幸栓 田逸琦 雷安民[2] WANG Xing-shuan;TIAN Yi-qi;LEI An-min(Tianjin Jinken Animal Husbandry Group Limited Company,Tianjin 300384;College of Veterinary Medicine,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100)

机构地区：[1]天津津垦牧业集团有限公司,天津300384 [2]西北农林科技大学动物医学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国牛业科学》2022年第4期86-89,共4页China Cattle Science

摘　　要：在大型的集约化奶牛场,奶牛的正常配种和关键产科疾病的防治,是影响奶牛场经济效益的关键。作者根据在现代化奶牛场多年的工作经验,设计“奶牛繁殖性能监控表”,记录和掌握产后母牛及犊牛的个体状况,并根据此表记录的信息制定牛群产后不同阶段的具体任务。文章指出,产后20~30 d之内,对产后母牛进行全覆盖子宫药物灌注,使奶牛在产后60 d内出现第1次发情;产后100 d以内出现第2次发情再配种。一次配种,成功率在70%以上,半年以上不孕牛控制在10%以下。配种1头母牛平均消耗精液1.8~2支,使全年成年母牛的总受胎率保证完成92.5%以上。此套奶牛产后监控管理措施的实施,可减轻授精员的工作量,有效提高奶牛的利用效率,减少牛群产科疾病的发生。In large intensive dairy farms, the normal breeding of cows, the prevention and treatment of major obstetric diseases are key factors affecting the economic benefits of dairy farms. Based on years of working experience in modern dairy farms, the author designed a “dairy cow reproductive performance monitoring table” to record and master the individual status of postpartum cows and calves, and according to the information recorded in this table, specific tasks of different stages of the postpartum period of cows were formulated. In this paper, it was pointed out that within 20-30 days after delivery, postpartum cows were perfused with whole uterus covering drugs, so that the first estrus in cows occurred within 60 days postpartum. The second estrus reproduction occurred within 100 days after delivery. In single breeding, the success rate was more than 70% and more than half yearly control of infertility in cattle control was below 10%. One average 1.8-2 semen is used per cow, so the total pregnancy rate of adult cows was guaranteed to be more than 92.5%. The implementation of this set of postpartum monitoring and management measures makes it possible to reduce the workload on insemination, effectively improve the utilization efficiency of dairy cows and reduce the occurrence of obstetric diseases in cattle.

关 键 词：奶牛繁殖性能监控表 产后护理 产后疾病 全覆盖子宫灌注 

分 类 号：S823.91[农业科学—畜牧学]