生物质炭对重金属污染红壤中蚯蚓活性的影响  

Effects of Biochar on the Activities of Earthworm in Heavy Metal-spiked Acidic Ultisol

作　　者：崔佳崎 张磊 施杨潇潇 张凤 董颖 方迪[1] 姜军[2] 徐仁扣[2] CUI Jiaqi;ZHANG Lei;SHI Yangxiaoxiao;ZHANG Feng;DONG Ying;FANG Di;JIANG Jun;XU Renkou(College of Resources and Environmental Science,Nanjing Agriculture University,Nanjing 210095,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;Shanghai Baoying Photoelectricity Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201319,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095 [2]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),江苏南京210008 [3]上海宝英光电科技有限公司,上海201319

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2022年第6期1-9,共9页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1803403,2021YFD1500202);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41771275)。

摘　　要：生物质炭改良剂在钝化污染土壤中重金属的同时,显著改善土壤物理、化学和生物性质。该文通过添加2%400℃下制备的玉米、水稻、小麦、大豆、豌豆等秸秆生物质炭到Cd和Pb染毒红壤中,研究蚯蚓(赤子爱胜蚓)暴露30 d后的体重损失率、死亡率和体内抗氧化酶活性等指标的影响。结果表明,施加生物质炭显著降低Cd、Pb染毒土壤中可交换态重金属含量。另外,蚯蚓体重损失率分别从改良前的37.16%和38.81%降低至改良后的(31.92%±2.54%)和(28.02%±1.46%),同时死亡率从46.67%分别降低至(40.00%±2.98%)和(32.00%±6.29%),但都未达显著水平(P>0.05)。相比于染毒土壤,施加生物质炭处理土壤中蚯蚓体内过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量在Cd污染土壤中分别显著降低15.19%~44.89%、12.09%~56.57%、32.52%~59.13%;在Pb污染土壤中分别显著降低1.54%~20.70%、18.44%~48.94%、44.65%~58.46%。相关性分析结果表明,Cd和Pb污染土壤中蚯蚓的CAT、POD活性和MDA含量与Cd和Pb的可交换态、可交换态+碳酸盐结合态均存在显著负相关关系。因此,施加秸秆生物质炭不仅可以钝化污染土壤中的重金属Cd和Pb,也有利于改善赤子爱胜蚓的生存环境;而蚯蚓体内抗氧化酶活性相比于个体指标可以更灵敏地反映土壤质量变化。Biochar is able to inhibit the availability of heavy metals in soil matrix,as well as improve soil physical,chemical and biological properties.In the present observation,2%biochar derived from the straws of maize,rice,wheat,soybean,and pea,and pyrolyzed at 400℃was incorporated into Cd-and Pb-spiked acidic Ultisol,and then,the earthworm(Eisenia foetida)was exposed 30 days.The forms of Cd and Pb,as well as the weight loss and mortality rates,and antioxidant enzyme activities of Eisenia foetida,were investigated to evaluate the effects of these biochars on immobilization of heavy metals and more important,soil fauna activities.The results showed that the contents of exchangeable Cd and Pb significantly decreased after biochar incorporation,indicated that Cd and Pb were immobilized,thereafter.Meanwhile,the weight loss rate of Eisenia foetida decreased from 37.16%and 38.81%in Cd-and Pb-spiked soil,to(31.92%±2.54%)and(28.02%±1.46%)after biochar incorporation,respectively.Similarly,the mortality rate decreased from 46.67%to(40.00%±2.98%)and(32.00%±6.29%)(P>0.05),respectively,after biochar addition.The catalase(CAT)and peroxidase(POD)activities,and malondialdehyde(MDA)content of Eisenia foetida exposed to Cd-spiked soil significantly decreased by 15.19%~44.89%,12.09%~56.57%,and 32.52%~59.13%after biochar application,respectively,when compared with Cd-spiked soil;for Pb-spiked soil,they significantly decreased by 1.54%~20.70%,18.44%~48.94%,44.65%~58.46%,respectively.The results of correlation analysis showed that CAT and POD activities,and MDA content in Eisenia foetida,negatively correlated with the contents of exchangeable and exchangeable+carbonates-bound Cd and Pb.Therefore,the crop straw biochar not only inhibited Cd and Pb bioavailability,but also improved the living conditions for Eisenia foetida.Whilst,the antioxidant enzyme activities in Eisenia foetida were more sensitive to changing soil quality than the individual indicators.

关 键 词：CD污染 PB污染 红壤 赤子爱胜蚓 抗氧化酶活性 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]