低速区列车牵引系统的电制动力提升控制方法  

Enhanced Electric Braking Force Scheme of Train Traction System in Low-speed Range

作　　者：李建新 李佳耀 高翔 蒋威 宋文胜[1] LI Jianxin;LI Jiayao;GAO Xiang;JIANG Wei;SONG Wensheng(School of Electrical Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 611756;Locomotive&Car Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100081;Beijing Zongheng Electro-Mechanical Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100094)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学电气工程学院,成都611756 [2]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司机车车辆研究所,北京100081 [3]北京纵横机电科技有限公司,北京100094

出　　处：《电气工程学报》2022年第2期83-91,共9页Journal of Electrical Engineering

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划重点课题资助项目(N2019J025)。

摘　　要：目前,我国列车牵引传动系统普遍采用电-空联合制动的制动方式,具有低速区电-空制动切换引起乘客舒适性下降、空气制动可控性不强和闸瓦磨损严重等缺点。为解决该问题,研究了一种基于再生制动和反接制动的列车全电制动控制技术,可实现列车在全速度范围内的电气制动。首先,根据矢量控制下电磁转矩和转差频率的关系,分析不同制动方式在低速区的转矩输出能力,确定了再生制动在定子角频率大于零和反接制动在定子角频率小于零时制动转矩的可控性;其次,通过间接矢量控制磁场定向和直接矢量控制磁链观测证明了反接制动的实现原理和可行性,进而提出了低速区由再生制动自然换向至反接制动的全电制动方案;最后,开展了小功率电机对拖试验测试,试验结果验证了所提制动策略可以实现低速区制动转矩的稳定可控输出,且转矩平滑无冲击,提升了低速区列车电气制动能力。At present,the electro-pneumatic combined braking method is generally adopted in the traction drive system in China,which has disadvantages such as the passenger’s comfort decline caused by the switching of electric braking and pneumatic braking at low speed,weak controllability of pneumatic braking and serious wear of brake shoes.In order to solve this problem,an electric braking control technology of the train based on regenerative braking and plug braking is proposed,which can realize the electric braking in the whole speed range.Firstly,according to the relationship between torque and slip frequency under vector control,the torque output capacity of different braking methods at low speed is analyzed.The controllability of braking torque of regenerative braking when stator frequency is greater than zero and plug braking when stator frequency is less than zero is determined.Secondly,through the field orientation of indirect vector control and the flux observation of direct vector control,the realization principle and feasibility of plug braking are proved.Furthermore,a pure electric braking scheme in which regenerative braking is naturally commutated to plug braking in the low-speed range is proposed.Finally,a low power motor towing experiment test is carried out,the experimental results verify that the proposed braking strategy can achieve stable and controllable output of braking torque in low-speed range and the torque is smooth without impact,which improves the electric braking ability of the train in low-speed range.

关 键 词：异步牵引电机 磁场定向控制 再生制动 反接制动 全电制动 

分 类 号：TM921[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]