冲击载荷侵入软岩特征分析  

Analysis on intrusion characteristic of soft rock under impact load

作　　者：王四一 WANG Siyi(China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Xi’an Research Institute,Xi’an 710077,China)

机构地区：[1]中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司,陕西西安710077

出　　处：《煤矿安全》2022年第8期62-68,共7页Safety in Coal Mines

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFC0808200);国家重点研发计划青年科学家资助项目(2021YFC2900200);中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司技术创新资助项目(2020XAYSJS001)。

摘　　要：冲击破岩技术因其钻进效率高的优势在硬岩钻进方面应用广泛,但冲击载荷作用下软岩的侵入及破碎特征不明晰。基于正交设计实验理论,设计了相似材料选型和配比方案,浇筑制备了与软岩岩体力学特征相符合的软岩相似材料,研制了包含冲击落锤、球齿—砧体和试样夹具等结构的室内冲击破岩实验装置,开展了动力学仿真,得出了冲击载荷曲线图;以此为基础进行了多体动力学和瞬态动力学有限元联合仿真和冲击破岩室内模拟实验。结果表明:软岩在冲击载荷作用下呈现出典型的塑性变形特征,压碎特征不明显,所形成的冲击坑形貌比较规整、岩屑体积较小;冲击球齿在软岩中的侵入深度与冲击功、冲击次数、球齿规格密切相关,球齿在软岩侵入过程中存在极限侵入值。Impact rock breaking technology is widely used in hard rock drilling due to its high drilling efficiency,but the intrusion and crushing characteristics of soft rock under impact load are not clear.Based on the orthogonal design test theory,a similar material selection and proportioning scheme was designed,and similar soft rock materials were prepared by pouring in accordance with the geo-mechanical characteristics of soft rock.The indoor impact rock-breaking test device with equal structure including impact drop hammer,spherical toothed anvil body and sample fixture has completed the dynamic simulation and obtained the load curve diagram.On these basis,the finite element joint simulation of multi-body dynamics and transient dynamics and the indoor simulation experiment of impact rock breaking are carried out.The results show that the soft rock presents typical plastic crushing characteristics under impact load,the crushing characteristics are not obvious,the shape of impact pit is regular and the volume of rock debris is small.The intrusion depth of impact ball tooth in soft rock is closely related to impact energy,impact times and ball tooth specification.There is a limit intrusion value in the process of soft rock intrusion.

关 键 词：冲击载荷 软岩 相似材料 侵入特征 碎岩机理 动态仿真 

分 类 号：P634.1[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]