美国商标法的域外适用及中国应对  

The Extraterritorial Application of Trademark Law in America and China’s Response

作　　者：刘想树[1] 张俊雅 Liu Xiang-shu;Zhang Jun-ya

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学 [2]惠州学院

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（法学版）》2022年第3期62-74,共13页Journal of Soochow University：Law Edition

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目“逆全球化浪潮下知识产权国际强保护机制转向及中国的应对研究”(项目编号:2018YJC820022)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：传统商标法具有严格的地域性,不可用于规范域外的商标侵权行为。随着经济全球化和新技术的发展,商标侵权行为亦跨越国界产生实质损害。为了保护本国商业利益和企业商标利益,美国商标法突破地域性原则的严格适用,将效果标准作为其域外适用的判断标准,进而规范对美国域内商业活动产生不利效果或者影响的域外商标侵权行为。实践中,效果标准经美国法院适用形成Vanity Fair标准、Timberlane标准和实质性影响标准三种弹性判断标准共存的局面。商标法域外适用逐渐成为美国对外扩张司法管辖权、保护本国利益的有力武器。为保护我国商业利益和企业商标利益,我国应从防御机制与进取机制两个方面积极制衡和对抗美国商标法的域外适用。The traditional trademark law is strictly territorial and cannot be applied to trademark infringements occurring outside the territory. With the development of economic globalisation and new technologies, the trademark infringements have caused substantial damages across national boundaries. In order to protect domestic commercial interests and corporate trademark interests, the American trademark law breaks through the strict application of the territorial principle, and regards the effect test as the judgment standard for the extraterritorial application of the American trademark law, and then regulates the infringement behavior of extraterritorial trademarks with the adverse impacts on commercial activities in the United States. In practice, the effect test has been applied by the American courts to form a situation where three flexible tests co-exist: the Vanity Fair test, the Timberlane test, and the substantial effect test. The extraterritorial application of trademark law has gradually become a powerful weapon for the United States to expand its judicial jurisdiction and protect its own interests. In order to protect the interests of Chinese market and corporate trademarks, China should actively respond to the extraterritorial application of American trademark law from defensive mechanism and aggressive mechanism.

关 键 词：域外商标侵权 域外适用 商标法 效果标准 司法保护 

分 类 号：D997[政治法律—国际法学]