碳纤维石墨化技术综述  

Review of Graphitization Technology of Carbon Fibers

作　　者：卫新宇 张文瑾 陈龙威[1] 刘成周 林启富 江贻满 王晓洁 WEI Xinyu;ZHANG Wenjin;CHEN Longwei;LIU Chengzhou;LIN Qifu;JIANG Yiman;WANG Xiaojie(Institute of Plasma Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 230031,China;Science Island Branch of Graduate School,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院等离子体物理研究所,合肥230031 [2]中国科学技术大学科学岛分院,合肥230026

出　　处：《材料导报》2022年第17期51-58,共8页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11575252;11775270);合肥综合性国家科学中心能源研究院(19KZS206)。

摘　　要：高性能碳纤维具有极大的应用价值,碳纤维在石墨化后含碳量可达99%,且其拉伸模量和导电性能显著提升,热膨胀系数接近于0,适用于昼夜温差大的太空环境。因此,石墨化碳纤维被广泛应用于航天航空等尖端技术领域。石墨化设备和手段是制备高性能石墨纤维的关键,本文将石墨化设备按生产工艺和加热方式分为连续式和非连续式、间接加热式和直接加热式,分别介绍了电阻加热、感应加热、等离子体加热、微波加热、激光加热、γ射线加热和催化加热等石墨化技术,综述了上述石墨化方法和设备的优缺点,讨论并分析了碳纤维石墨化过程中微观结构的变化及其与碳纤维性能的关联性,指出如何更新和优化传统石墨化设备,来克服当前石墨化设备能耗高、成本高、效率低的缺点,为未来研发新兴的石墨化工艺、设备以及制备结构完备、性能优异的石墨纤维提供重要的参考和经验。High-performance carbon fiber has great application prospects. The carbon content of carbon fiber can reach 99% after graphitization. The tensile modulus and conductivity can be improved greatly, and the coefficient of thermal expansion approaches to 0, which is suitable for the space environment involving a great diurnal temperature variation. Therefore, graphitized carbon fiber is extensively applied to cutting-edge technology fields such as space flight and aviation. Graphitization equipment and methods are the key aspect for preparing high-performance carbon fiber. In this paper, graphitization equipment is divided into continuous and discontinuous, indirect heating and direct heating, according to production process and heating method. Introductions were given to graphitization techniques including resistance heating, induction heating, plasma heating, microwave heating, laser heating, γ-ray heating and catalytic heating. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of graphitization methods and equipments were summarized, meanwhile the microstructure change of carbon fiber in graphitization and its correlation with carbon fiber properties were analyzed. It will be the future development trend to optimize the traditional graphitization equipment and overcome the disadvantages of existing graphitization equipment such as high energy consumption, high cost and low efficiency. It provides important reference and experience for the future research and development of emerging graphitization process, equipment and the preparation of graphite fibers with complete structure and excellent performance.

关 键 词：碳纤维 石墨化 结构与性能 等离子体 

分 类 号：TQ342.74[化学工程—化纤工业]