铁弹畴转向增韧:应用于陶瓷涂层的一种潜在高温增韧机制  

Ferroelastic Domain Switching Toughening:a Potential High-temperature Toughening Mechanism for Ceramic Coatings

作　　者：杜金平 王衍飞[1] 刘荣军[1] 万帆 DU Jinping;WANG Yanfei;LIU Rongjun;WAN Fan(Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学新型陶瓷纤维及其复合材料国防科技重点实验室,长沙410073

出　　处：《材料导报》2022年第17期71-80,共10页Materials Reports

基　　金：国防科工局稳定支持科研(WDZC20195500504);装备预研重点实验室基金(6142907200303)。

摘　　要：陶瓷具有极其优异的耐高温性能,是一种不可替代的可在高温等极端环境条件下服役的材料。然而,陶瓷的本征脆性已经严重制约了其更为广泛的应用,特别是在力、热条件复杂的极端高温环境下的应用,例如应用于高性能航空发动机上的热障涂层(TBCs)。陶瓷的高温增韧机制相对匮乏,其高温增韧目前已经成为一个亟待解决的关键问题。不同于传统利用纤维、晶须等增韧陶瓷的方式,铁弹畴转向增韧主要利用铁弹性材料在受外力下发生的铁弹畴转向过程来耗散驱动裂纹扩展的能量,是一种高温下依然有效的增韧机制,因而非常适用于高温陶瓷涂层的增韧。本文从铁弹性定义与铁弹畴转向增韧的基本原理出发,对铁弹畴转向增韧的研究进展进行了综述,分析了铁弹增韧的相对优势和发展前景。此外,本文就目前学界关注较多的铁弹性材料(包括氧化钇部分稳定的氧化锆(YSZ)、稀土铝酸盐、稀土铌酸盐和稀土钽酸盐)的研究和应用情况进行了重点介绍,并对相关材料的应用前景进行了展望。最后,本文以新型热障涂层材料稀土锆酸盐为代表介绍了以铁弹体作为增韧第二相的研究进展。Ceramic, an irreplaceable material which is used in high temperature and other extreme environmental conditions, has excellent high temperature stability. However, its intrinsic brittleness has seriously restricted the wide application, especially the application in extremely high temperature environment. For example, ceramics can act as thermal barrier coatings(TBCs) for high-performance aero engines. Toughening mechanism of ceramics available at high temperature is relatively scarce, and its high temperature toughening has become a key problem to be solved. Different from the traditional toughening methods of introducing fibers or whiskers, ferroelastic domain switching toughening, an effective toughening mechanism at high temperature, mainly uses the switching process of ferroelastic domain under external force to dissipate the energy driving crack growth. Therefore, it is quite suitable for the toughening of high-temperature ceramic coatings. This article, based on the basic principles of ferroelasticity and ferroelastic domain switching, reviews some progress of ferroelastic domain switching achieved in recent years, and discusses its relative advantages and development prospects. In addition, this article focuses on a detailed introduction of common ferroelastic phases such as yttria-stabilized zirconia(YSZ), rare earth aluminate, rare earth niobate and rare earth tantalate, and prospects the application of related materials. Finally, taking rare earth zirconates as the representative, the research progress of ferroelastics as a second toughening phase is introduced.

关 键 词：陶瓷 断裂韧性 铁弹性 铁弹畴转向增韧 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]