合金元素在Al基牺牲阳极中的作用机理  

Activation Mechanisms of Alloy Elements on Aluminum-based Sacrificial Anodes

作　　者：彭晶晶 刘静[1,2,3] 张弦 成林 吴开明[1,2,3] 张涛[4] PENG Jingjing;LIU Jing;ZHANG Xian;CHENG Lin;WU Kaiming;ZHANG Tao(Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Steels,Wuhan University of Technology and Science,Wuhan 430081,China;The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy,Wuhan University of Technology and Science,Wuhan 430081,China;Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science in Metallurgical Process,Wuhan University of Technology and Science,Wuhan 430081,China;Shenyang National Laboratory of Materials Science,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉科技大学高性能钢铁材料及其应用省部共建协同创新中心,武汉430081 [2]武汉科技大学耐火材料与冶金省部共建重点实验室,武汉430081 [3]武汉科技大学冶金工业工程系统科学湖北省重点实验室,武汉430081 [4]东北大学沈阳材料科学国家研究中心东北大学联合研究分部,沈阳110819

出　　处：《材料导报》2022年第17期137-144,共8页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51601137,51601138)。

摘　　要：电容量大、电流效率高的Al合金具有很大潜力发展成为理想的牺牲阳极。但是,Al金属表面极易生成致密钝化膜,严重影响Al基牺牲阳极的功效。Al合金中的一些合金元素具有破钝化的作用,能够促进Al基体的活性溶解,提高Al基牺牲阳极放电量,因此学者们对合金元素在Al基牺牲阳极中的活化机理开展了广泛而深入的研究。合金元素对Al基牺牲阳极的活化机理主要包括:(1)溶解-再沉积作用;(2)表面自由能吸附理论;(3)第二相优先溶解原理;(4)离子电阻降理论;(5)电位负移理论;(6)非常价态理论等。众多理论的核心思想均是通过机械分离破坏Al_(2)O_(3)钝化膜的完整性,亦或是产生阳离子空位造成氧化膜缺陷。常见的合金元素主要有Hg、In、Sn、Ga、Zn、Mg、Mn、Ti、Zr、Cd、Si、Fe、Bi、Cu及稀土(RE)元素等。合金元素在Al基牺牲阳极活化过程中的作用机理复杂,且存在协同活化作用,合金元素的活化机理尚不十分清晰。因此,本文在查阅大量文献的基础上,重点梳理了Al基牺牲阳极的活化机理,并归纳整理了各合金元素在Al基牺牲阳极中的作用。本文将有助于进一步全面深入理解合金元素的作用机理,从顶层设计的角度出发为设计性能更优异的新型Al基牺牲阳极材料提供了思路。Aluminum alloys,with large capacity and high current efficiency,have great potential to serve as ideal sacrificial anodes. However,the compact passive film easily formed on the surface of aluminum has serious impact on the efficiency of aluminum-based sacrificial anodes.Alloy elements can achieve de-passivation,promote the active dissolution of aluminum matrix and increase the discharge quantity of aluminumbased sacrificial anodes. Thus,the activation mechanisms of alloy elements on aluminum-based sacrificial anodes have been extensively and indepth investigated. The main activation mechanisms include:(ⅰ) the dissolution-redeposition effect;(ⅱ) the adsorption theory of surface free energy;(ⅲ) the mechanism of preferential dissolution of the second phases;(ⅳ) the reduction of ion resistance theory;(ⅴ) the negative shifts of potential mechanism;(ⅵ) the uncommon valency theory,et al. The activation mechanisms mentioned above are almost focused on the integrity destruction of oxide films via mechanical detachment or the defection formation of AlOoxide film by producing cation vacancy. At present,the common activating elements include Hg,In,Sn,Ga,Zn,Mg,Mn,Ti,Zr,Cd,Si,Fe,Bi,Cu,rare earth(RE) elements,etc.Activation mechanisms of alloy elements in the activation process of aluminum-based sacrificial anodes are very complicated. Besides,there are synergistic effects between these alloy elements in the activation process,and activation mechanisms have not been clarified in details,yet.Therefore,by consulting the previous researches,activation mechanisms and effects of alloy elements on the aluminum-based sacrificial anodes were sorted out. This paper is expected to be helpful to understand action mechanisms of alloy elements further and more comprehensively,and provides perspective for the design of aluminum-based sacrificial anodes with much more excellent performances.

关 键 词：AL合金 牺牲阳极 合金元素 作用机理 

分 类 号：TB304[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]