秸秆覆盖还田对坡耕地的保护作用综述  

Review on Protective Role of Straw Mulching to Sloping Farmland

作　　者：程鹏 廖超林[1] 朱坚 彭华 简燕 贾金龙 CHENG Peng;LIAO Chao-lin;ZHU Jian;PENG Hua;JIAN Yan;JIA Jin-long(College of Resources and Environment,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,PRC;Hunan Institute of Agro-Environment and Ecology/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Midstream of Yangtze Plain,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,P.R.China,Changsha 410125,PRC;Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture Bureau of Ecology and Environment(Baojing Branch),Baojing 416500,PRC)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学资源环境学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南省农业环境生态研究所,农业农村部长江中游平原农业环境重点实验室,湖南长沙410125 [3]湘西自治州生态环境局保靖分局,湖南保靖416500

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2022年第8期100-104,共5页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：长沙市科技计划项目(kq1907055)。

摘　　要：为了有效控制坡耕地养分径流损失、降低丘陵区农业面源污染风险,从我国坡耕地养分流失现状出发,详细阐述了影响坡耕地养分地表流失的因素、我国坡耕地氮磷养分流失的主要途径、保护坡耕地的节肥减排措施、秸秆覆盖还田对坡耕地的保护作用等内容,提出了4条减少坡耕地养分流失的措施:(1)坡度较大的坡面上采用横坡种植或坡改梯等工程措施;(2)雨季来临前或者作物种植前采取秸秆覆盖等水土保持措施,减少强降雨对坡面的冲刷侵蚀;(3)采取有机肥无机肥配施的方式有效改善土壤侵蚀程度,提高土壤肥力;(4)根据实际情况采取少耕或免耕等保护性措施以获得较好的水土保持效果。In order to effectively control the nutrient runoff loss of sloping farmland and reduce the risk of agricultural non-point source pollution in hilly areas,this paper,starting from the present situation of nutrient loss of sloping farmland in China,detailly elaborates the factors affecting the nutrient surface loss of sloping farmland,the main pathways of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient loss of sloping farmland,the measures of saving fertilizers and reducing emission to protect sloping farmland,and the protective effect of straw mulching on sloping farmland.Then four measures are put forward to reduce nutrient loss of sloping farmland:(1)Transversal planting or terraced cultivation is recommended for relatively steep slopes.(2)Before rainy season or crop planting,straw mulching should be taken to reduce the erosion of sloping farmland caused by heavy rainfall scrubing.(3)Employing the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers can effectively mitigate soil erosion degree and improve soil fertility.(4)Less tillage or no tillage is properly adopted for better soil and water conservation effects.

关 键 词：坡耕地 养分径流损失 秸秆覆盖还田 综述 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]