海南岛典型河口表层沉积物重金属和多环芳烃的累积和生态风险评价  

Accumulation and Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs)in Surface Sediments from Typical Estuaries in Hainan Island

作　　者：杨剑洲 马生明[1,2] 王振亮 边远[3] 龚晶晶 高健翁 赵锦华[4] 胡树起 唐世新 YANG Jianzhou;MA Shengming;WANG Zhenliang;BIAN Yuan;GONG Jingjing;GAO Jianweng;ZHAO Jinhua;HU Shuqi;TANG Shixin(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang 065000,China;Key Laboratory of Geochemical Exploration Technology,Ministry of Natural Resources,Langfang 065000,China;The First Geological Survey of Jilin Province,Changchun 130033,China;Changsha Mineral Resources Supervision and Inspection Center,Ministry of Land and Resources,Changsha 410007,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所,河北廊坊065000 [2]自然资源部地球化学探测重点实验室,河北廊坊065000 [3]吉林省第一地质调查所,吉林长春130033 [4]国土资源部长沙矿产资源监督检测中心,湖南长沙410007

出　　处：《岩矿测试》2022年第4期621-631,共11页Rock and Mineral Analysis

基　　金：中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20190305);中央财政科研项目结余资金项目(JY201910)。

摘　　要：重金属和多环芳烃具有致畸性、致癌性和致突变性,是生态研究和环境保护领域的热点。海南岛是中国首个生态文明试验区,城市化进程的不断加快会增加河口地区环境保护的压力。昌化江、罗带河和三亚河是海南岛重要的入海河流。目前缺少对昌化江和罗带河沉积物中重金属和多环芳烃的报道,对三亚河的相关研究结果也存在差异。为了解这三条河流河口表层沉积物中重金属和多环芳烃(PAHs)累积特征和生态风险,本文采用电感耦合等离子体质谱/发射光谱法(ICP-MS/OES)、原子荧光光谱法(AFS)测定重金属元素(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn)含量,气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)测定PAHs含量。根据污染物组成和相关性探讨其来源,并利用潜在生态风险指数和沉积物环境质量标准进行风险评估。结果表明:①昌化江沉积物中重金属As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn的平均值分别为3.24、0.03、7.03、5.33、0.007、3.06、16.9和14.1mg/kg;罗带河对应重金属平均值为4.81、0.02、7.69、4.56、0.010、3.29、18.3和14.7mg/kg;三亚河对应重金属平均值为5.83、0.05、15.3、8.28、0.021、4.91、21.4和29.8 mg/kg。除As外,重金属均低于或接近海南岛土壤基准值。三个河口区沉积物中的As以及三亚河中的Cd、Cu具有较高的富集因子,表明受人为因素影响较大,可能与周边农业活动有关;其余重金属具有较低的富集因子和较高的相关性,表明受区域地质背景控制;②昌化江、罗带河、三亚河沉积物中PAHs含量分别为3.48~56.6μg/kg、8.72~56.8μg/kg、6.41~573.9μg/kg,均以中低环为主,表明生物质的低温燃烧是PAHs的主要来源;③生态风险评价结果显示,研究区沉积物没有受到重金属和PAHs污染,均以低生态风险为主。本研究结果可为河口区污染物生态风险防控提供参考。BACKGROUND:Heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are the ecological research focus because of their teratogenicity,carcinogenicity,and mutagenicity.Hainan Island is China’s first ecological civilization pilot area,and the continuous acceleration of urbanization will increase the pressure on environmental protection in the estuary area.The Changhua River,the Luodai River,and the Sanya River are important seagoing rivers in Hainan Island.At present,there is a lack of reports on heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sediments of the Changhua and Luodai Rivers,and there are differences in the related research results of the Sanya River.OBJECTIVES:To understand the characteristics,source,and ecological risk of heavy metals and PAHs in surface sediments from the estuary of the Changhua,Luodai,and Sanya Rivers in Hainan Island.METHODS:Sediment samples from the three estuaries were collected.Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry/optical emission spectrometry(ICP-MS/OES)and atomic fluorescence spectrometry were used to determine the content of heavy metals(As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Ni,Pb,Zn).Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine the content of PAHs.Source apportionment was further explored based on the correlation analysis and composition of the contaminants,and the ecological risk evaluation was carried out with the potential ecological risk index(PERI)and sediment quality guidelines(SQGs).RESULTS:The average contents of As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Ni,Pb,and Zn in the sediments of Changhua River were 3.24,0.03,7.03,5.33,0.007,3.06,16.9,and 14.1mg/kg,respectively.The corresponding values of these metals in Luodai River were 4.81,0.02,7.69,4.56,0.010,3.29,18.3,and 14.7mg/kg,and the corresponding values in Sanya River were 5.83,0.05,15.3,8.28,0.021,4.91,21.4,and 29.8mg/kg.Exception to As,the concentration of other heavy metals in the sediments were below or close to the Hainan soil baseline,showing little heavy metals accumulation effect.The contents of PAHs in the sediment range fr

关 键 词：重金属 多环芳烃 电感耦合等离子体质谱/发射光谱法 气相色谱-质谱法 河口沉积物 生态风险 海南岛 

分 类 号：P736.4[天文地球—海洋地质] X826[天文地球—海洋科学]