植物氮素吸收利用相关NPF基因家族研究进展  

Research advances on NPF gene families in plant nitrogen uptake and utilization

作　　者：王化敦[1] 张鹏[1] 马鸿翔 WANG Hua-dun;ZHANG Peng;MA Hong-xiang(Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Agrobiology,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210014,China;College of Agriculture,Yangzhou University/Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Key Lab of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院/江苏省农业生物学重点实验室,江苏南京210014 [2]扬州大学农学院/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/江苏省作物基因组学与分子育种重点实验室,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2022年第8期1520-1534,共15页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[CX(20)3034];国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-03-57);江苏省重点研发计划(BE2021375)。

摘　　要：氮(N)是植物生长发育需要量最大的矿质营养元素,也是作物产量的限制因子。硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)是植物吸收利用氮素的主要形态之一。目前,植物中已报道4个基因家族(NPF、NRT2、CLC和SLAC1/SLAH)参与硝态氮的吸收和利用,其中NPF基因家族成员数量众多且功能多样化,近年来获得较多关注和深入研究。模式植物拟南芥和主要粮食作物水稻、玉米和小麦中,分别含有53、93、79和331个NPF基因。拟南芥NPF家族中已有超过一半成员(31/53)的生物学功能被解析,粮食作物水稻中NPF基因功能亦有较多报道。研究表明,NPF基因广泛参与了植物对氮素的吸收及其调控、转运、分配/再分配等过程,一些成员对于改良和提高作物氮素利用率(nitrogen use efficiency,NUE)具有重要作用。因此,从氮素进入植物体及其在植物体内流动的层面出发,发掘具有重要功能的候选NPF基因,对于解析植物利用氮素的分子机制及其遗传改良具有重要意义。本文综述了模式植物拟南芥以及粮食作物中已报道的NPF基因在氮素吸收和利用中的生物学功能。目前粮食作物玉米中仅有4个NPF基因的生物学功能被报道,小麦中尚未有相关报道,未来对玉米和小麦中NPF基因的发掘与功能研究将为改良作物氮素利用效率提供新的基因资源。Nitrogen(N)is a primary mineral nutrient for plant growth and development as well as the limiting factor for crop yield.Nitrate is one of the major N sources for plant uptake and utilization.Four gene families including NPF,NRT2,CLC and SLAC1/SLAH have been reported to be involved in the process of nitrate uptake and utilization.Among the four gene families,the NPF family has a large number of members and diverse functions,which have attracted more attention and in-depth research in recent years.There are 53,93,79 and as many as 331 NPF genes in the model plant Arabidopsis and the main food crops–rice,maize,and wheat,respectively.The biological functions of more than half members(31/53)of Arabidopsis NPF family have been characterized,and reports on the functions of NPF genes in crop such as rice are emerging.Research revealed that NPF genes are widely involved in processes of plant nitrogen uptake and its regulation,transport,distribution and re-distribution,and some members play important roles in the modification and improvement of crop nitrogen use efficiency(NUE).Consequently,it is highly pertinent to unravel the mechanism underlying plant nitrogen utilization and genetic improvement by exploring candidate NPF genes from the perspective of nitrogen flow.This paper reviewed the biological functions of NPF genes in the model plant Arabidopsis and crops.At the moment,only 4 members of NPF genes in maize were reported with biological functions,and none of the NPF genes in wheat were reported with biological function.The exploration and studies on the NPF genes of crops such as maize and wheat will provide gene resources for future researches on crop NUE improvement and highNUE crop breeding.

关 键 词：硝态氮 氮素利用率 粮食作物 NPF基因 基因家族 

分 类 号：Q943[生物学—植物学]