Tsunami Balls:A Granular Approach to Tsunami Runup and Inundation  

作　　者：Steven N.Ward Simon Day 

机构地区：[1]Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics,University of California,Santa Cruz,CA 95064,USA.

出　　处：《Communications in Computational Physics》2008年第1期222-249,共28页计算物理通讯（英文）

摘　　要：This article develops a new,granular approach to tsunami runup and inundation.The small grains employed here are not fluid,but bits,or balls,of tsunami energy.By careful formulation of the ball accelerations,both wave-like and flood-like behaviors are accommodated so tsunami waves can be run seamlessly from deep water,through wave breaking,to the final surge onto shore and back again.In deep water,tsunami balls track according long wave ray theory.On land,tsunami balls behave like a water landslide.In shallow water,the balls embody both deep water and on land elements.In modeling several 2-D and 3-D cases,we find that wave breaking generally causes relative runup to increase with beach slope and wave period and decrease with input wave amplitude.Because of their highly non-linear nature,runup and inundation are best considered to be random processes rather than deterministic ones.Models and observations hint that for uniform input waves,normalized runup statistics everywhere follow a single skewed distribution with a spread between 1/2 and 2 times its mean.

关 键 词：Water wave TSUNAMI run up. 

分 类 号：P73[天文地球—海洋科学]