有机胺CO_(2)吸收技术研究现状与发展方向  

Research status and future development direction of CO_(2)absorption technology for organic amine

作　　者：陆诗建 贡玉萍 刘玲[1,2] 康国俊 陈曦[3] 刘苗苗 张娟娟 王风 LU Shijian;GONG Yuping;LIU Ling;KANG Guojun;CHEN Xi;LIU Miaomiao;ZHANG Juanjuan;WANG Feng(Institute of Carbon Neutralization,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;School of Chemical Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;Sinopec Nanjing Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210048,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学碳中和研究院,江苏徐州221116 [2]中国矿业大学化工学院,江苏徐州221116 [3]中石化南京化工研究院有限公司,江苏南京210048

出　　处：《洁净煤技术》2022年第9期44-54,共11页Clean Coal Technology

基　　金：四川省科技厅资助项目(2021ZYD0044);江苏省煤基温室气体减排与资源化利用重点实验室创新能力建设专项资助项目(2020ZDZZ01A)。

摘　　要：CO_(2)排放量迅速增加,严重威胁人类生存环境及气候变化,如何减少碳排放量是关注热点。化学吸收法是捕集CO_(2)的主要方法之一,其脱除CO_(2)的实质是利用碱性吸收剂溶液与烟气中CO_(2)逆向接触并发生化学反应,形成不稳定盐类,而盐类在一定条件下会逆向分解释放出CO_(2)而再生,从而实现CO_(2)从烟气中分离脱除。以醇胺溶液为吸收剂的化学吸收法技术开发相对成熟,且分离效果好、操作简单,在电力、钢铁、水泥、化工等行业得到广泛应用。醇胺溶液是化学吸收法的核心,目前应用于工业减排的醇胺溶液包括一级醇胺溶液、二级醇胺溶液、三级醇胺溶液以及空间位阻胺等。综述了4种典型的醇胺溶液和低浓度烟气吸收法胺液的国内外研究现状,介绍了国外三菱重工的KM-CDR工艺、壳牌康索夫脱硫脱碳工艺、陶氏化学Ucarsol溶剂的配套工艺、西门子氨基酸盐溶液的配套工艺、Powerspan的ECO_(2)工艺,同时对阿尔斯通的富氧燃烧技术进行了总结;国内在碳捕集方面研究时间较短,在“双碳”计划推动下,碳减排成为近年来国内研究的重点和热点,论述了浙江大学、华北电力大学、北京化工大学以及中国矿业大学等高校和研究院的研究成果,调研结果表明国外应用规模达到百万吨级,国内技术水平接近,可达10万t级,应用规模尚有较大差距;目前,化学吸收法已有工业应用,国内已建成多个碳捕集示范工程,系统介绍了华电句容电厂1万t/a CO_(2)捕集示范工程、国华锦界电厂15万t/a CO_(2)捕集示范工程以及胜利油田4万t/a燃煤CO_(2)捕集与驱油示范工程等典型案例。当前国内外燃煤电厂CO_(2)捕集示范工程的规模总体较小,仅有3项百万吨级示范工程,其中中石化建成了我国首套百万吨级的碳捕集项目,这对我国碳捕集行业的发展具有里程碑意义。在有机胺捕集CO_(2)领域,应重点在吸收�Carbon dioxide emissions are increasing rapidly,which is a serious threat to human survival and climate change,and how to reduce carbon emissions is a hot concern.The chemical absorption method is one of the main methods for capturing CO_(2).The essence of CO_(2)removal is the use of an alkaline absorber solution to contact and chemically react with the CO_(2)in the flue gas reversely,forming unstable salts,which will decompose in the reverse direction to release CO_(2)under certain conditions,thus achieving the separation and removal of CO_(2)from the flue gas.The development of chemical absorption method technology using alcohol amine solution as absorbent has been relatively mature,and the separation effect is good and simple to operate,which is widely used in electric power,iron and steel,cement and chemical industries.Alcohol amine solutions are the core of the chemical absorption method,and the alcohol amine solutions currently used in industrial abatement include primary alcohol amine solutions,secondary alcohol amine solutions,tertiary alcohol amine solutions and steric hindered amines.Four typical alcohol amine solutions were listed in this paper,and the current status of domestic and international research on amine solutions for low concentration flue gas absorption was reviewed.The KM-CDR process of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries,the desulphurization and decarbonization process of Shell Consolv,the supporting process of Dow Chemical Ucarsol solvent,the supporting process of Siemens amino acid salt solution and the ECO_(2)process of Powerspan were introduced,while the oxygen-enriched combustion technology of Alstom was summarized.The research on carbon capture in China is relatively short,under the promote of"carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals",carbon emission reduction has become the focus and hotspot of domestic research in recent years,the research results of a number of universities and research institutes,such as Zhejiang University,North China University of Electric Power,Beijing University o

关 键 词：CO_(2)吸收 有机胺 化学吸收法 碳捕集 能耗 脱碳工艺 

分 类 号：X701[环境科学与工程—环境工程]