近距采空区下回采巷道非对称变形机理及控制对策  

Asymmetric deformation mechanism and control measures for mining roadway under gob in close proximity

作　　者：冯国瑞[1,2] 郝晨良 王朋飞 郭军 钱瑞鹏[1,2] 文晓泽 刘佳男 FENG Guorui;HAO Chenliang;WANG Pengfei;GUO Jun;QIAN Ruipeng;WEN Xiaoze;LIU Jianan(College of Mining Technology,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030024,China;Research Center of Green Mining Engineering Technology in Shanxi Province,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030024,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学矿业工程学院,山西太原030024 [2]山西省绿色采矿工程技术研究中心,山西太原030024

出　　处：《中国矿业大学学报》2022年第4期617-631,共15页Journal of China University of Mining & Technology

基　　金：国家杰出青年科学基金项目(51925402);国家自然科学联合基金重点项目(U1710258);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(51804209)。

摘　　要：针对山西某矿4^(#)煤回采巷道掘进后出现的非对称变形严重、支护困难等问题,基于巷道围岩的自稳隐形拱理论,综合工程地质分析、理论力学解析、数值模拟和现场试验相结合的方法,对非对称变形机理和控制对策进行了研究.结果表明:1)上覆采空区和遗留煤柱下方支承应力改变了巷道围岩最大主应力的大小和方向,支承压力的差异性是造成巷道发生非对称变形的主要因素;2)回采巷道的片帮使自稳隐形拱的最大高度由1.74 m增加为2.68 m,最大高度的位置向遗留煤柱侧偏移了0.2 m,巷道两帮非对称变形加剧了巷道整体变形的非对称变化趋势;3)采空区和遗留煤柱下方底板的非均匀应力造成回采巷道围压比增加数倍,回采巷道塑性区呈现非对称蝶形破坏;4)建立了近距采空区下回采巷道自稳隐形拱支护模型,利用预应力锚杆提供主动压应力使回采巷道两帮改变为类刚性结构,并通过锚杆对巷道围岩关键区进行补强,通过自稳隐形拱理论定量化的设计锚杆索合理支护参数,非对称变形问题得到良好控制.Aiming at the problems of serious asymmetric deformation and difficult support after the excavation of a mining 4roadway in Shanxi Province, based on the self stable invisible arch theory of roadway surrounding rock, the mechanism and control countermeasures of asymmetric deformation were studied by combining engineering geological analysis, theoretical mechanical analysis, numerical simulation and field test. The results show that: 1) Abutment pressure under the overlying gob and the remaining coal pillar makes the magnitude and direction of the maximum principal stress of the surrounding rock change, which is the main factor of the asymmetric deformation of the gate road. 2) The maximum height of the self stabilizing invisible arch increases from 1.74 m to 2.68 m due to the side of the mining roadway, and the position of the maximum height shifts by 0.2 m to the side of the remaining coal pillar. The asymmetric deformation of the two sides of the roadway exacerbates the asymmetric change trend of the overall deformation of the roadway. 3) The non-uniform stress of the floor under the gob and the remaining coal pillars caused the confining pressure ratio of the gate road to increase several times, and the plastic zone of the gate road showed asymmetric butterfly-shaped failure. 4) The self-stabilized hidden arch support model for gate road under the gob in close proximity was established. The prestressed bolts were used to provide active compressive stress to change the two sides of the gate road into rigid structures, and the key area of the surrounding rock of the gate road was reinforced by bolts. Based on the theory of self-stabilized hidden arch, reasonable bolt and cable support parameters were designed, and the asymmetric deformation problem was well controlled.

关 键 词：近距离煤层 非对称变形 自稳隐形拱 蝶形破坏 控制对策 

分 类 号：TD32[矿业工程—矿井建设]