从特权到权利:高等教育发展历程中受教育权之演变  

From Privilege to Right:The Evolution of the Right to Education in the Development of Higher Education

作　　者：陈·巴特尔 CHEN Bateer(The Center for the Study of Human Rights/Zhou Enlai School of Government,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学周恩来政府管理学院/人权研究中心,天津300350

出　　处：《重庆高教研究》2022年第5期8-18,共11页Chongqing Higher Education Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“新时代我国民族地区高等教育高质量发展研究”(21BMZ060);国家人权教育与培训基地重大项目“我国少数民族人权教育研究”(17JJD820017)。

摘　　要：受教育权不是一项单一的权利,在某种程度上,它是一个权利束。作为受教育权子权利的接受高等教育权利具有非基本权利、权利相对性和社会权利性质,涵盖学习机会权、条件权以及成功权。高等教育权利的享有与保护不仅与经济发展条件和社会进步有关,而且与高等教育发展历程有关。在发展初期,接受高等教育是部分佼佼者的特权,是极少数人才能享有的特殊权利;在大众化时期,接受高等教育成为民众满足一定条件后可获得的权利,接受高等教育权利从特殊权利向一般权利过渡;在普及化时期,接受高等教育成为每个人都能享受到的权利以及应尽的义务,每个公民均需接受高等教育,而国家有义务提供多样性的高等教育,以满足公民的个性化需要。刚刚步入普及高等教育阶段的中国,应该树立普及高等教育理念,完善相应的法律法规,发展并形成多种类型和层次的高等教育形式,建构终身教育体系与学习型社会,使民众获得高等教育的机会不受时间和空间所限,接受高等教育从应有权利、法定权利最终成为人人实有的权利。The right to education is not a single right,and to some extent,it is a bundle of rights.As the child right,the right to receive higher education is the type of non-fundamental,relative and social right,including three basic content,the learning opportunities,learning conditions and learning success.The enjoyment and protection of higher education rights are not only related to the conditions of economic development and social progress,but also related to the course of higher education development.At the beginning of development,receiving higher education was the privilege of some excellent people and a special right enjoyed by very few people.In the period of popularization,the right to receive higher education has become a right that people can obtain after meeting certain conditions.The right to receive higher education has gradually changed from a special right to a general right.In the popularization period of higher education,receiving higher education has become the right and obligation that everyone can enjoy.Every citizen needs to receive higher education,and the state has the obligation to provide diversified higher education to meet the individual needs of citizens.China,which has just entered the stage of popularizing higher education,should establish the concept of popularizing higher education,improve the corresponding laws and regulations,develop and form various types and levels of higher education forms,build a lifelong education system and a learning society,so that the people’s access to higher education is not limited by time and space,and the right to receive higher education from the due and legal rights will eventually become everyone’s real rights.

关 键 词：受教育权 接受高等教育权利 高等教育发展阶段 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]