Cultivated hawthorn(Crataegus pinnatifida var.major)genome sheds light on the evolution of Maleae(apple tribe)  

作　　者：Ticao Zhang Qin Qiao Xiao Du Xiao Zhang Yali Hou Xin Wei Chao Sun Rengang Zhang Quanzheng Yun MJames CCrabbe Yves Van de Peer Wenxuan Dong 

机构地区：[1]College of Chinese Material Medica,Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine,Kunming 650500,China [2]School of Agriculture,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China [3]College of Horticulture,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China [4]Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education,Nanning Normal University,Guangxi,Nanning 530001,China [5]Beijing Ori‐Gene Science and Technology Co.Ltd,Beijing 102206,China [6]Wolfson College,Oxford University,Oxford,UK [7]Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Science&Technology,School of Life Sciences,University of Bedfordshire,Park Square,Luton,UK [8]School of Life Sciences,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China [9]Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics,Center for Plant Systems Biology,Ghent University,VIB,9052,Ghent,Belgium [10]Department of Biochemistry,Genetics and Microbiology,University of Pretoria,Pretoria 0028,South Africa [11]College of Horticulture,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China

出　　处：《Journal of Integrative Plant Biology》2022年第8期1487-1501,共15页植物学报（英文版）

基　　金：supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060237 to T.Z.and 32060085 to Q.Q.);funding from the European Research Council(ERC)under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program(No.833522);from Ghent University(Methusalem funding,BOF.MET.2021.0005.01)。

摘　　要：Cultivated hawthorn(Crataegus pinnatifida var.major)is an important medicinal and edible plant with a long history of use for health protection in China.Herein,we provide a de novo chromosomelevel genome sequence of the hawthorn cultivar“Qiu Jinxing.”We assembled an 823.41 Mb genome encoding 40571 genes and further anchored the779.24 Mb sequence into 17 pseudo-chromosomes,which account for 94.64%of the assembled genome.Phylogenomic analyses revealed that cultivated hawthorn diverged from other species within the Maleae(apple tribe)at approximately 35.4 Mya.Notably,genes involved in the flavonoid and triterpenoid biosynthetic pathways have been significantly amplified in the hawthorn genome.In addition,our results indicated that the Maleae share a unique ancient tetraploidization event;however,no recent independent whole-genome duplication event was specifically detected in hawthorn.The amplification of non-specific long terminal repeat retrotransposons contributed the most to the expansion of the hawthorn genome.Furthermore,we identified two paleo-sub-genomes in extant species of Maleae and found that these two sub-genomes showed different rearrangement mechanisms.We also reconstructed the ancestral chromosomes of Rosaceae and discussed two possible paleopolyploid origin patterns(autopolyploidization or allopolyploidization)of Maleae.Overall,our study provides an improved context for understanding the evolution of Maleae species,and this new highquality reference genome provides a useful resource for the horticultural improvement of hawthorn.

关 键 词：ancestral chromosome reconstruction hawthorn(Crataegus spp.) long terminal repeat retrotransposons(LTR-RTs) medicinal and edible plants sub-genome 

分 类 号：S661.5[农业科学—果树学]