唐瀚海、单于二都护府初置年代再考  

The Initial Established of Hanhai(瀚海)and Chanyu(单于)Protectorates during Tang Dynasty

作　　者：郭桂坤 Guo Guikun(School of History&Culture,South China Normal University,510631)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学历史文化学院,广东广州510631

出　　处：《中国历史地理论丛》2022年第3期138-143,共6页Journal of Chinese Historical Geography

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“中国古代国家治理视野下的唐代王言研究”(20CZS025)。

摘　　要：永徽元年(650)突厥车鼻政权溃亡,唐朝以其余众先后设立新黎、狼山、浑河等羁縻州,隶属于燕然都护府。龙朔三年(663)唐军平定铁勒叛乱,遂将燕然都护府迁至漠北,改称瀚海都护府。与此同时,鉴于燕然都护府北迁后漠南地区缺乏最高羁縻机构,唐朝又新置了云中都护府,主要统辖漠南突厥蕃州。麟德元年(664)又将其改名为单于都护府。诸书所载瀚海、单于二都护府并立于北疆的局面,直到此时才真正出现。唐修《国史》中的《突厥传》,囿于纪传体例,专记与突厥直接相关的史事,略去了部分有关漠北铁勒的动态,故形成永徽元年唐朝即在北疆分置瀚海、单于二都护府的面貌。这种记载方式又为诸书承袭,遂成长期困扰后人的一种误说。The Chebi(车鼻)regime of Turks collapsed in 650 AD.The Tang dynasty set up Xinli(新黎),Langshan(狼山),Hunhe(浑河)and other autonomous prefectures to manage its tribes,all of which belonged to Yanran(燕然)Protectorate.After the Tang troops repelled the rebellion of the Tiele(铁勒)tribe,Yanran Protectorate moved to Mobei(漠北)and named as Hanhai(瀚海)Protectorate in 663 AD.At the same time,due to lack of the highest governance institution in the Monan(漠南)area after the Yanran Protectorate moved to the north,the Tang dynasty set up the Yunzhong(云中)Protectorate that mainly governed the Monan Turkic tribes,which named as Chanyu(单于)protectorate in 664 AD.The records that revealed the Hanhai and Chanyu protectorates were located on the northern frontier did not find untilin 664AD.The "Turkish Biography" in the Guoshi(《国史》)was limited to the chronological style,focusingon historical events directly related to the Turks and omitting the developments related to the Tiele.In consequence,it recorded that Tang set up two Protectorates in the northern border in 650 AD,which was excerpted by several ancient books and became the mistake that had perplexed generations for a long time.

关 键 词：燕然都护府 瀚海都护府 云中都护府 单于都护府 

分 类 号：K928[历史地理—人文地理学]