精准扶贫的成效和可持续性考察——基于中国家庭大数据库调查数据的分析  

The Sustainable Effect of Targeted Poverty Alleviation:the Analysis of the Survey Data from the Chinese Family Database

作　　者：林卡[1] 樊士帅 马高明 Lin Ka;Fan Shishuai;Ma Gaoming(School of Public Affairs,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学公共管理学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2022年第9期66-73,158,共9页Zhejiang Social Sciences

基　　金：嘉兴学院中国共同富裕研究院项目(ICCPR2021002);浙江省哲学社会科学规划“高质量发展建设共同富裕示范区”重大招标课题;国家社科基金重点项目(19ASH016)。

摘　　要：基于2013-2019年间4期中国家庭大数据库调查数据,运用双重差分的方法研究精准扶贫政策对贫困户收入的影响,考察开发性扶贫和保障性扶贫两类扶贫政策的效应。研究发现,精准扶贫政策的实施显著提高了贫困群体的总收入,增加了农户的经营性收入和转移性收入。进一步的研究显示,精准扶贫政策通过采用由政府提供的保障性扶贫项目提高了农村贫困群体的收入,也通过农业生产经营补贴的方式帮助贫困群体实现农业生产经营收入的增加。特别是对有劳动能力贫困群体和无劳动能力贫困群体精准扶贫增收效果的异质性分析可以看到,无劳动能力贫困群体收入的提高主要由政府直接转移性收入的增加实现脱贫。有劳动能力贫困群体在政府直接转移收入增加之外,还通过农业生产经营实现增收,依靠家庭经济的成长实现脱贫。上述研究为“后扶贫时代”完善农村反贫困政策的导向,防止规模性返贫,实现乡村振兴和可持续发展提供了政策分析基础。Using the method of difference-in-differences in date analysis,this study adopts the data from the Chinese Family Database collected in the period of 2013-2019,and explores the effects of poverty alleviation by the developmental and the protective social policies.The data analysis illustrates the anti-poverty efforts with precise targets has sustainably raised the total income of the poor families,and increasing their income from the channels of business and income transfers from the public programs.The study further reveals that the social policy projects of social assistance reinforce the support of poor farmers by public budgets,whereas the state’s subsidies to the agricultural production also help farmers to facilitating their production and making business to raise the income level.The comparison in the ways of income growth in the poor groups of the able-bodies and the friable groups shows that,the public support of the income transfer plays a great role for the frail poor group whereas the working group get support from both the social assistance program and agricultural subsides,by which the late should be more meaningful for their development away from the poverty trap.Thus,in the post era of anti-poverty efforts,the policymaking-orientation should promote the developmental social policy in poverty alleviation,in order to prevent the risk of returnback to the poverty trap,and also for the reconstruction of rural China for the sustainable development.

关 键 词：精准扶贫 反贫困 共同富裕 社会管理 开发性扶贫战略 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济]