主动侦查的理论维度与制度完善  

The Theory and System of Proactive Criminal Investigation

作　　者：董邦俊[1] 毛彦民 DONG Bang-jun;MAO Yan-min(School of Criminal Justice,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan Hubei430073)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学刑事司法学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《中国刑警学院学报》2022年第3期14-23,共10页Journal of Criminal Investigation Police University of China

基　　金：2021年度中南财经政法大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(编号:202110728)。

摘　　要：主动侦查可概括为主动启动说、主动情报说两种理论学说,分别侧重于侦查启动程序的主动、侦查线索发现的主动。以上两种学说缺乏系统性思维,具有强烈的破案观念导向,仅局限于立案程序的改革。而主动侦查是系统性概念、全局性理念,由主体、客体、行为、程序等多要素组成,兼具公平、正义、效率等复合价值。通过实践映象和逻辑论证得出,主动侦查是侦查机关主动发现、主动查清、主动证实涉嫌犯罪的事实,对侦查立案、运行、终结等程序一体完善,对侦查可利用资源一体优化。在主动侦查的理论维度下,可从主动侦查委员会的设立、递进式侦查立案制度的构建、精细化案件管理制度的完善、人本位侦查终结制度的推进、多元化侦查合作制度的强化等方面进行改革。Proactive criminal investigation(PCI) could be summarized as two theories:active initiation theory and active intelligence theory.The two theories respectively focus on the initiative of investigation initiation procedure and the initiative of clue discovery.This generalization lacks systematic thinking and has a strong conceptual orientation for solving cases,and is limited to the reform of the filing procedures.PCI is a systematic concept with an overall perception,including multiple elements such as subject,object,behavior,and procedure,and has complex values including fairness,justice,and efficiency.Through practical mapping and logical argumentation,PCI should be the investigation system that consists of actively discovering,clarifying,and proactively verifying the facts of suspected crimes,perfecting the procedures for filing,operating and terminating investigations,and optimizing the use of resources for investigations.Under the theoretical dimensions of PCI,the reform of the investigation system can range from the establishment of PCI committees,the construction of progressive investigation case filing system,the improvement of the refined case management system,the advancement of the human-based investigation termination system,and the diversified investigation cooperation system.

关 键 词：主动侦查 侦查主体 侦查客体 侦查行为 侦查程序 

分 类 号：D918[政治法律—法学]