不同农田边界类型的耕地内地表节肢动物功能群生态网络特征分析  

Ecological network characteristics of the functional groups of epigaeic arthropod in arable land with different field margin types

作　　者：边振兴[1] 王楚翘 刘尧 孙治权 王双 刘爽 朱肃 于淼[2] BIAN Zhenxing;WANG Chuqiao;LIU Yao;SUN Zhiquan;WANG Shuang;LIU Shuang;ZHU Su;YU Miao(College of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;College of Science,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;Tieling County Natural Resources Service Center,Tieling 112608,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,沈阳110866 [2]沈阳农业大学理学院,沈阳110866 [3]铁岭县自然资源事务服务中心,铁岭112608

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2022年第9期1381-1392,共12页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2019-ZD-0709)资助。

摘　　要：地表节肢动物群落多样性以及功能群特征是维持农田生态系统多样性和稳定性的关键,但目前农田边界类型如何影响耕地内地表节肢动物功能群生态网络特征尚不太清晰。本文在辽宁省昌图县采用陷阱法调查了5种农田边界类型(田间路、沟渠、林地、生产路、草地)相邻耕地内部的地表节肢动物功能群(天敌类、植食类、中性类)。采用方差分析、群落排序和生态网络的方法,分析不同农田边界类型的耕地内部地表节肢动物群落和生态网络差异。结果表明:1)由边界至耕地内部,地表节肢动物物种多样性均呈现递减趋势。其中,与田间路相邻的耕地边界物种多样性指数显著高于耕地内15 m处,与林地、生产路和草地相邻的耕地边界物种多样性指数显著高于耕地内30 m处。2)边界为林地和草地的耕地内部天敌类群和植食类群多样性较高。同时,植物多样性较高的边界(林地和草地),其耕地内部地表节肢动物群落结构更复杂。3)地表节肢动物群落的生态网络呈现正相关,林地和草地的耕地内部具有更稳定的网络结构,整个网络系统对抗外界变化的能力较强。草地、沟渠和林地的耕地内部网络连接性较强,在受外界持续扰动时,仍能保持其原有的特性。生产路和田间路的耕地内部生态网络存在不稳定性。总体而言,农田边界植被群落结构越复杂,边界生境条件越稳定,相邻耕地内部地表节肢动物天敌和植食类群之间的生态网络结构越复杂,越有利于维持较高的天敌多样性,进而提高生物控害功能。因此,加强农田边界的植被群落结构,如营造合适的植被群落结构以及构建适宜的边界宽度等,能够提高地表节肢动物群落之间的生态网络关系,对害虫防治以及维持生态系统稳定具有重要影响。Species diversity and functional group characteristic of epigaeic arthropod community is key to maintaining the diversity and stability of farmland ecosystems.Exploring the effects of semi-natural habitats,such as field margins,on the diversity of natural enemies and utilizing the spillover effects of natural enemies in semi-natural habitats and farmland is beneficial for strengthening the protection of natural enemies,which is of great significance in formulating sustainable pest control strategies and optimizing the allocation of agricultural landscape.However,the ecological network characteristics of epigaeic arthropod functional groups in arable land with different field margin types are currently unclear.A systematic understanding of species distribution patterns and interactions among species in arable land with different field margin types is the basis for determining the population occurrence of insect herbivores and natural enemies.To optimize the structure of non-tillage habitats and rationally distribute agricultural landscape,we used the trap method to investigate the community compositon and the functional groups(natural enemies,herbivores,and neutral)of epigaeic arthropods in the adjacent arable lands of five field margin types(paved road,irrigation canal and ditch,woodland,dirt road,and grassland)in Changtu County,Liaoning Province.Variance analysis,community ordination,and ecological networks were used to analyze the differences in arthropod community distribution,functional group diversity,and ecological network symbiosis in adjacent arable land with the margins of different vegetation characteristics,margin width,and human disturbance intensity.The results showed that the species diversity of epigaeic arthropods decreased from the margin to the interior of arable land,and there were significant differences in species diversity between 0 m and 15 m,30 m in arable land with margin of paved road and significant differences in species diversity between 0 m and 30 m in arable land with margin of wood

关 键 词：耕地 地表节肢动物 物种多样性 天敌害虫关系 生态网络 

分 类 号：P901[天文地球—自然地理学]