淹水胁迫对福建山樱花幼苗生长和光合特性的影响  

Effects of Flooding Stress on Growth and Photosynthesis of Cerasus campanulate Seedlings

作　　者：陆日惠 徐力兴 周晓星 盛世红 冯晨 陈钏 唐丽[1] LU Rihui;Xu Lixing;ZHOU Xiaoxing;SHENG Shihong;FENG Chen;CHEN Chuan;TANG Li(College of Forestry,Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004,China;Forestry Institute of Yueyang City,Yueyang,Hunan 414000,China;Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering,Beijing 100125,China;Lushan Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Jiujiang,Jiangxi 330000,China)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学林学院,湖南长沙410004 [2]岳阳市林业科学研究所,湖南岳阳414000 [3]农业农村部规划设计研究院,北京100125 [4]中国科学院庐山植物园,江西九江330000

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2022年第4期871-881,共11页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(31900278)。

摘　　要：【目的】福建山樱花(Cerasuscampanulata)因极具观赏价值,且适应性强,已被广泛用于园林绿化。探索福建山樱花对不同淹水胁迫的响应及抗涝机制,将促进福建山樱花的栽培生产及其产业可持续发展。【方法】以福建山樱花实生幼苗为材料,采用盆栽淹水试验,设置对照组(正常养护不进行淹水胁迫)、轻度胁迫(水位处于基质1/2处)、中度胁迫(水位与基质表面平齐)和重度胁迫(水位高于基质2 cm)4个处理,探索不同淹水时间对其生长和光合特性的影响。【结果】淹水12 d时福建山樱花幼苗苗高增长量与对照(CK)差异显著,地径增长量较CK分别下降了3.70%,11.11%,22.22%,并影响了地上、地下器官生物量的积累与分配,CK组生物量分配表现由大到小依次为根、茎、叶,而T1、T2和T3组生物量分配表现由大到小依次为茎、根、叶;淹水下根总长度、根表面积、根体积和根平均直径等均显著低于CK;叶片相对含水量和SPAD值随胁迫程度的加重而逐渐下降;但比叶重则不断上升,胁迫结束时比叶重分别比初始值上升29.22%,23.20%和28.25%;淹水胁迫下,叶片净光合速率(P_(n))呈现明显下降的趋势,淹水12 d,T1、T2和T3组福建山樱花的P_(n)分别比同期CK组下降了64.21%、86.34%和91.53%;同时,淹水显著降低了福建山樱花气孔导度(G_(s))和蒸腾速率(T_(r)),胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))呈先上降后升的趋势,瞬时水分利用效率(WUE_(inst))呈先升后下降的趋势。【结论】福建山樱花幼苗生长和光合作用因淹水而受到抑制,通过比较C_(i)和L_(s)(气孔限制值)的关系:淹水前6 d C_(i)表现为下降的趋势,L_(s)上升,淹水6~12 d时,C_(i)逐渐上升,而L_(s)呈下降趋势,可以得出淹水前期福建山樱花幼苗光合作用受气孔限制调节,而淹水后期光合作用受非气孔限制;淹水胁迫时间过长将因超过福建山樱花幼苗自身的调节能力而导致植株死亡。【结论】福建�[Objective]Due to its attractive flowers and excellent adaptability,Cerasus campanulata has been widely cultivated in landscaping.This study aims to reveal the response of C.campanulata to different flooding stress and anti-flooding mechanism,thus promoting the cultivation and production of C.campanulata and its industrial sustainable development.[Method]This study conducted flooding experiments to evaluate the effect of different flooding time on growth and photosynthesis on C.campanulata under four treatments,namely control group(normal maintenance management without flooding stress),mild stress(the water level at 1/2 of the substrate),moderate stress(the water and the substrate surface at the same level),severe stress(the water lever 2 cm higher than the substrate).[Result]There was a significant difference in the growth rate of C.cam⁃panulata seedlings with CK after 12 days of flooding stress,the growth of ground diameter decreased by 3.70%,11.11%and 22.22%respectively compared with CK.Flooding stress also affected the accumulation and distribu⁃tion of biomass in both above-ground and underground organs,the biomass distribution of the CK was root>stem>leaf,while the biomass distribution of T1,T2 and T3 was stem>root>leaf.The total root length,the root surface area,the root volume,and the root diameter of flooding treated seedlings were significantly lower than those of CK.The relative water content and the SPAD value of the leaves gradually decreased with the increase of the flooding stress.While the specific leaf weight increased with the increase of the flooding stress.At the end of the flooding stress,the specific leaf weight of C.campanulata increased by 29.22%,23.20%and 28.25%respec⁃tively compared with the initial value.The net photosynthetic rate(P_(n))declinedobviously under the flooding stress.During 12 days of flooding,the Pn of C.campanulata T1,T2 and T3 decreased by 64.21%,86.34%and 91.53%.At the same time,flooding stress reduced the stomatal conductance(G_(s)),and transpiration rate(T_(r))o

关 键 词：淹水胁迫 生物量 光合特性 根系形态 比叶重 SPAD值 叶片相对含水量 

分 类 号：S685.99[农业科学—观赏园艺]