氮磷配施和施肥方式对潮土小麦氮吸收利用的影响  

The effects of nitrogen combined with phosphorus and application methods on nitrogen uptake and utilization of wheat in fluvo-aquic soil

作　　者：苏同庆 邢璐[2,3] 王火焰 SU Tong-qing;XING Lu;WANG Huo-yan(Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation,Nanning Normal University,Nanning Guangxi 530001;Kingenta Ecological Engineering Group Co.,Ltd.,Linshu Shandong 276700;State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing Jiangsu 210008;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]北部湾环境演变与资源利用教育部重点实验室,广西地表过程与智能模拟重点实验室,南宁师范大学,广西南宁530001 [2]金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司,山东临沭276700 [3]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210008 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第7期1-7,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200901);国家自然科学基金项目(31960238);广西科技基地和人才专项项目(桂科AD19245103);广西高校中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目(2019KY0421);北部湾环境演变与资源利用教育部重点实验室(南宁师范大学)和广西地表过程与智能模拟重点实验室(南宁师范大学)系统基金项目(GTEU-KLOP-X1813)。

摘　　要：通过石灰性潮土上不同氮磷组合(氮均为^(15)N标记)和施肥方式下的小麦盆栽试验,探究小麦氮吸收利用情况与氮肥利用效率评价指标。不同氮磷组合为尿素(N1)与硫酸铵(N2)配施磷酸二氢钙(P1)和磷酸氢二铵(P2);不同施肥方式为全土混施(A),垂直方向距土壤表层5 cm、水平方向距小麦根系0 cm条施(B),垂直方向距土壤表层5 cm、水平方向距小麦12 cm条施(C)3种。研究表明:(1)P1N2、P2N1和P2N2组合的B施肥方式的小麦籽粒^(15)N累积量均显著高于A施肥方式,以P1N2的B施肥方式最高,为0.37 g·盆^(-1),氮肥在一定土层条施深施显著优于全土混施;(2)P1N2、P2N1和P2N2同一肥料组合的不同施肥方式之间,B施肥方式的^(15)N示踪法氮肥利用率显著高于A,高肥力土壤选用^(15)N示踪法氮肥利用率更为合适。上述结果为潮土小麦种植合理施用氮肥和科学评估氮肥利用效率提供了重要参考。Through the wheat potting experiment under different nitrogen(^(15)N)combined with phosphorus and application methods in calcareous fluvo-aquic soil,the nitrogen uptake and utilization of wheat and index of nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency were investigated.The mixed application was urea(N1)and ammonium sulfate(N2)combined with calcium dihydrogen phosphate(P1)and diammonium hydrogen phosphate(P2).The three different fertilizer methods included:in the entire soil pot(A);strip application with a vertical distance of 5 cm from the soil surface and a horizontal distance of 0 cm from the root system of wheat(B);and strip application with a vertical distance of 5 cm from the soil surface and a horizontal distance of 12 cm from the root system of wheat(C).The results showed that(1)The^(15)N of wheat grain derived from application method B was significantly higher than A with P1N1,P2N1 and P2N2 fertilizer combination,which was the highest with a value of 0.37 g·pot-1 for the application method B of P1N2.The strip application of nitrogen fertilizer at a certain soil depth was better than the mixed application in the whole soil pot.(2)The nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency with^(15)N trace method of application method B was significantly higher than A under P1N2,P2N1 and P2N2 with the same fertilizer combination and different application methods.It was better to choose nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency with^(15)N trace method in soil with high soil fertility.These results provided an important reference for reasonably applying nitrogen fertilizer and scientifically evaluating nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of wheat in fluvo-aquic soil.

关 键 词：小麦 氮肥 施肥方式 氮肥利用率 潮土 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]