氮投入对坡耕地土壤侵蚀及青贮玉米生长的影响  

Effects of nitrogen input on soil erosion and growth of silage maize in sloped farmland

作　　者：赵桂茹[1] 程易 安曈昕[1] 周锋[1] 饶东云 杨友琼[1] 吴伯志[1] ZHAO Gui-ru;CHENG Yi;AN Tong-xin;ZHOU Feng;RAO Dong-yun;YANG YOU-qiong;WU Bo-zhi(The Key Laboratory for Crop Production and Smart Agriculture of Yunnan Province,Faculty of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming Yunnan 650201)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院,云南省作物生产与智慧农业重点实验室,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第7期8-15,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：云南省重点研发计划(2018BB015);云南省重大科技专项-绿色食品国际合作研究中心项目(2019ZG00902)。

摘　　要：为探讨氮投入减少对青贮玉米生产及坡耕地土壤侵蚀的影响程度,在10°的坡耕地上设置N1(300.00 kg/hm^(2))、N2(225.00 kg/hm^(2))、N3(150.00 kg/hm^(2))和N4(75.00 kg/hm^(2))4个不同氮投入处理。结果表明:N1和N2处理青贮玉米的平均株高、叶面积指数和产量显著高于N3和N4处理(P<0.05)。反之,青贮玉米的根系生物量和根冠比随着氮投入量的减少而增加。对于土壤侵蚀,在玉米整个生育期,NI和N2处理的总径流量显著低于N3和N4处理(P<0.05),但N2与N1处理的总径流量差异不显著(P>0.05)。同理,N1和N2处理的产沙量显著低于N3和N4处理(P<0.05),但N2与N1处理的总产沙量差异不显著(P>0.05)。玉米株高与根系生物量之间存在极显著负相关性,而与叶面积指数呈显著正相关关系;玉米叶面积指数及株高与地表径流量和产沙量有显著负相关关系。综上所述,氮投入通过影响青贮玉米地上部农艺性状和地下根系生物量进而影响红壤坡耕地的径流量及产沙量,在当地施肥水平基础上适量减少25%氮投入不会使玉米显著减产,也不会加剧土壤侵蚀。因此,本研究为更好地了解坡耕地土壤侵蚀和农业生产对氮投入响应提供了重要的理论基础。To explore the response of silage maize production and soil erosion on sloping farmland to nitrogen input reduction,set N1(300.00 kg/hm^(2)),N2(225.00 kg/hm^(2)),N3(150.00 kg/hm^(2))and N4(75.00 kg/hm^(2))on 10°sloping farmland 4 different nitrogen input treatments.The results showed that the average plant height,leaf area index and yield of silage maize treated with N1 and N2 were significantly higher than those of N3 and N4(P<0.05).On the contrary,the root biomass and root/shoot ratio of silage maize increased with the decrease of nitrogen input.For soil erosion,the total runoff of N1 and N2 treatments was significantly lower than that of N3 and N4 treatments.Similarly,the sediment yield of N1 and N2 treatments was significantly lower than that of N3 and N4 treatments(P<0.05).Moreover,there was a significantly negative correlation between plant height and root biomass,but a significantly positive correlation between plant height and leaf area index.The leaf area index and plant height of maize were negatively correlated with surface runoff and sediment yield.In summary,nitrogen input can affect the aboveground agronomic traits and root biomass distribution of silage maize,and then affect the runoff and sediment yield on red soil slope farmland.It shows that the moderate reduction of 25%nitrogen input based on the local fertilization level will not significantly reduce corn yield,nor will it aggravate soil erosion.Therefore,this study provides an important theoretical basis for a better understanding of the response of soil erosion and agricultural production to nitrogen input in sloping farmland.

关 键 词：氮投入 青贮玉米 土壤侵蚀 坡耕地 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学] S513[农业科学—农业基础科学] S548