滴施不同水溶性磷肥对玉米产量形成的影响  

Effect of different water-soluble phosphate fertilizers on maize yield formation

作　　者：刘道 梁飞[2,3] 李全胜 田宇欣[2] 贾宏涛 蒋平安 LIU Dao;LIANG Fei;LI Quan-sheng;TIAN Yu-xin;JIA Hong-tao;JIANG Ping-an(College of Grassland and Environmental Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi Xinjiang 830052;Institute of Farmland Water Conservancy and Soil Fertilizer,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences,Shihezi Xinjiang 832000;Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-Saving Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shihezi Xinjiang 832000)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农垦科学院农田水利与土壤肥料研究所,新疆石河子832000 [3]农业农村部西北绿洲节水农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第7期49-57,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：兵团中青年领军人才计划(2018CB026);兵团科技攻关与成果转化项目(2016AC008);国家自然科学基金(31460550)。

摘　　要：明确适合新疆滴灌玉米生产的磷肥品种。在2017~2020年连续进行了4年田间试验方法,设置了6个处理:磷酸脲(UP)、磷酸二氢钾(MKP)、聚磷酸铵溶液(APP)、磷酸二铵(DAP)、磷酸一铵(MAP)、不施磷肥(CK),各处理除CK以外氮、磷、钾投入量相同。试验在玉米开花期和成熟期分别采集植物样品。结果表明:APP、UP、MAP较其他处理可显著促进玉米生长,提高玉米开花期叶面积指数(LAI),其中APP的株高和LAI最高(P<0.05);滴施磷肥能促进玉米地上部生物量增长和干物质转移,玉米在开花期和成熟期地上总生物量表现为APP>UP>MAP>MKP>DAP>CK;在玉米干物质转移量、转移率和对籽粒的贡献率上,APP处理最高,显著高于其他处理(P<0.05);滴施APP、UP、MAP能显著提高玉米产量,滴施APP的玉米增产范围为19.1%~44.4%,UP增产范围为14.7%~39.6%,MAP在2020年相比CK增产率为18.7%;滴施磷肥能提高玉米经济效益,其中APP经济效益最高,较CK增加了4962元/hm^(2)。综上所述,在新疆滴灌玉米的磷肥选择中,优先顺序应该是APP、UP、MAP、MKP、DAP。因此,在新疆滴灌玉米磷肥选择中,聚磷酸铵溶液是最优选择,其次是磷酸脲和磷酸一铵。From 2017 to 2020,four consecutive years of field experiment was carried out to identify phosphate fertilizer varieties suitable for maize production under drip irrigation in Xinjiang.6 treatments were set up:acid urea phosphate(UP),potassium dihydrogen phosphate(MKP),ammonium polyphosphate solution(APP),diammonium phosphate(DAP),monoammonium phosphate(MAP),no phosphate fertilizer(CK),with same amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium input for each treatment except CK.In the experiment,plant samples were collected during the flowering and maturity periods of maize.The results showed that APP,UP and MAP significantly promoted the growth of maize and increased the leaf area index(LAI)at the flowering stage of maize compared with other treatments.Among them,APP had the highest plant height and LAI(P<0.05).Dripping phosphate fertilizer could promote the growth of maize aboveground biomass and dry matter transfer,and the total aboveground biomass of maize at flowering and maturity stages showed as APP>UP>MAP>MKP>DAP>CK;in terms of maize dry matter transfer,transfer rate and contribution rate to the grain,APP treatment was the highest,which was significantly higher than other treatments(P<0.05).Drip application of APP,UP,MAP could significantly increase the maize yield,compared with CK,with the drip application of APP increaseing by 19.1%~44.4%,UP increasing by 14.7%~39.6%and MAP increasing by 18.7%in 2020.Dripping phosphate fertilizer coild improve the economic benefits of maize,of which APP had the highest economic benefit,with an increase of 4962 yuan/hm^(2) compared with CK.To sum up,in the selection of phosphate fertilizer for drip irrigation maize in Xinjiang,the priority should be APP,UP,MAP,MKP,DAP.Therefore,in the selection of phosphate fertilizer for drip irrigation maize in Xinjiang,ammonium polyphosphate solution is the best choice,followed by urea phosphate and monoammonium phosphate.

关 键 词：滴灌 磷肥 玉米 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]