有机肥替代部分化肥对谷子产量、土壤养分及酶活性的影响  

Effects of replacing part of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer on Foxtail Millet yield,soil nutrients and enzyme activities

作　　者：刘寒双 崔纪菡 刘猛[1] 郭帅 校诺娅 鲁一薇 赵文庆 夏雪岩[1] 李顺国[1] 王慧军[1] LIU Han-shuang;CUI Ji-han;LIU Meng;GUO Shuai;XIAO Nuo-ya;LU Yi-wei;ZHAO Wen-qing;XIA Xue-yan;LI Shun-guo;WANG Hui-jun(National Millet Improvement Center,Institute of Millet,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Hebei Coarse Cereals Research Laboratory,Shijiazhuang Hebei 050035)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院谷子研究所,国家谷子改良中心,河北省杂粮研究实验室,河北石家庄050035

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第7期71-81,共11页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1001700);国家谷子高粱产业技术体系传统旱作技术挖掘与创新岗位;2022年河北省农林科学院创新工程项目课题;河北省杂粮杂豆产业技术体系HBCT2018070205;河北省重点研发计划项目(20326416D)。

摘　　要：减少化肥施用量、提高土壤养分的可持续性,探究有机肥替代部分化肥对谷子生长发育的影响,为谷子减肥增效,稳产、高产提供理论依据。以‘冀谷42’为材料,在总养分一致的条件下进行田间小区试验,设置无肥空白对照(CK)、常规化肥(NPK)、有机肥替代30%化肥(NPKM)、单施有机肥(M)共4个处理,探究较常规化肥减少肥料用量30%的条件下,有机肥替代部分化肥对谷子产量、生物量、根际与非根际土壤养分及土壤酶活性的影响。通过连续2年的定位试验,NPKM处理的产量为6042.3 kg/hm^(2),较NPK、M和CK处理分别增加了10.8%、12.9%和27.2%。NPKM处理显著提高了单株生物量,比NPK、M和CK处理分别提高了12.8%、5.6%和33.8%。与NPK处理相比,NPKM处理的土壤有机质含量提高了30.1%,达到显著水平,对铵态氮、硝态氮、有效磷和pH值无显著影响。NPKM土壤酶活性高于NPK、M和CK处理。在总养分一致化肥减量30%的情况下,NPKM处理改善了土壤养分并提高了土壤酶活性,增加了生物量和产量,有助于植株营养吸收,利于谷子生长发育,为谷子减肥增效、绿色高效提供理论依据和技术支撑。In order to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer,improve the sustainability of soil nutrients,explore the effect of organic fertilizer replacing part of chemical fertilizer on the growth and development of millet,and provide a theoretical basis for reducing fertilizer,increasing efficiency,obtaining stable and high yield of millet,field experiment was conducted under the condition of consistent total nutrients using‘Jigu 42’as material.Four treatments were set up,including the control(CK),conventional fertilization(NPK),30%NPK replaced by manure(NPKM)and 100%manure(M),to explore the effects of organic fertilizer replacing part of chemical fertilizer on millet yield,biomass,soil nutrients and enzyme activities of rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil under the condition of reducing chemical fertilizer dosage by 30%compared with conventional fertilizer.Through two consecutive years of positioning test,the yield of NPKM was 6042.3 kg/hm^(2),which increased by 10.8%,12.9%and 27.2%compared with NPK,M and CK,respectively.Compared with NPK,M and CK,NPKM significantly increased the biomass by 12.8%,5.6%and 33.8%,respectively.Compared with NPK treatment,NPKM treatment increased soil organic matter content by 30.1%,reaching a significant level,and had no significant effect on soil ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus and pH value.Soil enzyme activity of NPKM treatment was higher than that of NPK and M,and significantly higher than that of CK.In conclusion,NPKM treatment improved soil nutrients,increased soil enzyme activities,increased biomass and yield,and was conducive to plant nutrient absorption,growth and development of Foxtail Millet,which provided theoretical basis and technical support for Foxtail Millet growth with fertilizer reduction and high efficiency.

关 键 词：谷子 有机肥替代化肥 产量 生物量 根系 土壤养分 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S515[农业科学—作物学]