不同栽培方式下春玉米养分累积与转运特征  

Accumulation and transport characteristics of nutrient for spring maize in different cultivation modes

作　　者：王艺霖 张水梅 袁静超[2] 程松 梁尧[2] 刘松涛 任军[2] 蔡红光[2] 刘剑钊[2] WANG Yi-lin;ZHANG Shui-mei;YUAN Jing-chao;CHENG Song;LIANG Yao;LIU Song-tao;REN Jun;CAIHong-guang;LIU Jian-zhao(Academy of Resource and Environment,Jilin Agriculture University,Changchun Jilin 130118;Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northeast Region,MOA.Changchun Jilin 130033)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,吉林长春130118 [2]吉林省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,农业农村部东北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,吉林长春130033

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第7期153-161,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：吉林农业科技创新工程(CXGC2021ZD001);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-07-G-6);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20200403167SF)。

摘　　要：通过两年定位试验,研究不同栽培方式下春玉米产量、干物质累积、养分累积与转运特征,为春玉米的养分高效利用提供理论依据。2012~2013年在吉林省农安县靠山镇进行田间试验,设置3种栽培模式,分别为农户模式(TRA)、优化栽培模式1(OPT-1)、优化栽培模式2(OPT-2),供试品种均为利民33,在玉米6展叶(V6)、12展叶(V12)、开花(R1)、灌浆(R3)、成熟(R6)5个生育时期测定群体氮、磷、钾养分吸收动态,并测定产量构成。结果表明:在3种栽培模式中,两年产量的平均值表现为OPT-2>OPT-1>TRA,与TRA处理相比,OPT-2处理下的产量两年间分别增加了24.6%和24.2%;OPT-1和OPT-2处理下两年的收获穗数平均值分别增加65.4%和81.5%。OPT-2处理下的干物质累积在整个生育进程中均显著高于OPT-1和TRA处理,至成熟期,OPT-2处理下干物质累积量较OPT-1处理高10.0%,较TRA处理高24.2%;从6展叶期至成熟期,各处理下植株氮素、磷素与钾素累积量逐渐增加,累积速率均在开花期达到最大,至成熟期,OPT-2处理下整株的氮、磷、钾积累量较OPT-1和TRA处理分别增加了12.8%和39.2%、10.4%和26.1%、12.8%和27.5%,且各处理间差异显著。3种栽培模式下,开花期前,OPT-2处理下磷、钾素转运量、贡献率比OPT-1处理高;开花期后,OPT-2处理下氮累积量及贡献率比OPT-1处理高;与OPT-1处理相比较,OPT-2处理两年的氮、磷、钾肥偏生产力平均增加了10.8%。因此,在合理提升密度的基础上,优化化肥用量和施肥时期,可以实现东北中部春玉米氮、磷、钾养分的高效利用,保证玉米高产的持续性。The yield,dry matter accumulation,nutrient accumulation and transport characteristics of spring maize under different cultivation methods were studied to provide a theoretical basis for the efficient utilization of spring maize nutrients.From 2012 to 2013,a two-year located experiment was carried out in Kaoshan Town,Nong’an County,Jilin Province,and three cultivation modes were set up under field conditions,namely,farmer mode(TRA),optimized cultivation mode 1(OPT-1),Optimized cultivation mode 2(OPT-2).The tested varieties were all Limin 33.The absorption dynamics of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium were determined during the maize the 6th leaf spreading(V6),the 12th leaf spreading(V12),flowering(R1),filling(R3),mature(R6)stages.The results showed that,in the three cultivation modes,the average yield of two years was OPT-2>OPT-1>TRA.Compared to TRA treatment,the yield under OPT-2 treatment increased by 24.6%and 24.2%,respectively.The average number of ears harvested in the two years under OPT-1 and OPT-2 treatments increased by 65.4%and 81.5%,respectively.The dry matter accumulation under OPT-2 treatment was significantly higher than that under OPT-1 and TRA treatment during the whole growth stages.At the mature stage,the dry matter accumulation under OPT-2 treatment was 10.0%higher than that of OPT-1 treatment and 24.2%higher than that of TRA treatment.From the 6th leaf spreading stage to the maturity stage,the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium increased gradually under all treatments,and the accumulation rate reached the maximum at the anthesis stage.At the maturity stage,the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium under OPT-2 treatment increased by 12.8%and 39.2%,10.4%and 26.1%,12.8%and 27.5%,respectively,compared with that under OPT-1 and TRA treatment,and there were significant differences among different treatments.Under the three cultivation modes,before the anthesis stage,the amount and contribution rate of phosphorus and potassium under OPT-2 treatment were higher than those u

关 键 词：春玉米 籽粒产量 养分累积与转运 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]