金属支撑固体氧化物燃料电池技术进展  

Progress in technologies of metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells

作　　者：高圆[1] 李智 李甲鸿 高九涛 李成新[1] 李长久[1] GAO Yuan;LI Zhi;LI Jiahong;GAO Jiutao;LI Chengxin;LI Changjiu(State Key Laboratory of Metal Material Strength,Xi′an Jiaotong University,Xi′an 710049,China;Shandong Energy Group Company Limited,Jinan 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学材料科学与工程学院金属材料强度国家重点实验室,西安710049 [2]山东能源集团有限公司,济南250014

出　　处：《综合智慧能源》2022年第8期1-24,共24页Integrated Intelligent Energy

基　　金：山东能源集团有限公司与西安交通大学横向研究课题(20200871)。

摘　　要：可快速启动的金属支撑固体氧化物燃料电池(MS-SOFC)是助力实现“双碳”目标的变革性技术。MS-SOFC具有机械性能好、易于密封等优点,采用与陶瓷电解质热膨胀系数相近且成本低廉的铁素体不锈钢为电池提供结构支撑,有望大幅降低制造成本。金属连接体与金属支撑体是MS-SOFC的2个核心部件,常用的材料有铁素体不锈钢、Cr基合金以及Ni基合金。目前日本、德国、美国和我国均开发了面向SOFC应用的不锈钢体系,不锈钢涂层防护技术也取得了显著的进展,有效提高了材料的抗高温氧化与还原性质。为解决高温烧结制备MS-SOFC所产生的问题,主要采用热喷涂法与低温烧结法制备致密电解质。MS-SOFC使用金属支撑体与连接体,可以使用传统的焊接技术实现支撑体与连接体的有效连接,或通过粉末压制-烧结一体化多孔金属支撑体-连接体结构可以有效实现燃料侧燃料气体的密封。MS-SOFC长期运行性能衰减机理有金属材料的氧化、Cr挥发引起的阴极毒化、催化剂颗粒的粗化等。英国CeresPower公司、美国通用电气公司(GE)、德国宇航中心(DLR)、德国于利希(FZJ)研究中心、奥地利Plansee公司等均取得了一定的成就,MS-SOFC已初步实现了商业化应用。Metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell(MS-SOFC),being able to start-up rapidly,are transformative technology to facilitate the realization of dual carbon target.With low-cost ferritic stainless steel as support whose thermal expansion coefficient(CTE)is similar to that of ceramic electrolyte,MS-SOFC is expected to be of a significantly lower manufacturing cost,good mechanical performance and sealing performance.Metal interconnect and metal support are two core components for a MS-SOFC,and their common materials are ferritic stainless steel,Cr-based alloy and Ni-based alloy.Japan,Germany,the United States and China have developed various stainless steels for SOFCs.And stainless-steel coating technologies have made significant progress which can improve the high temperature oxidation resistance of the materials.In view of the problem in the MS-SOFC prepared by high-temperature sintering method,thermal spraying method and low-temperature sintering method have taken its place.The metal support and interconnect of a MS-SOFC can be effectively connected by traditional welding method,and the fuel gas can be effectively sealed by taking porous metal support-connector structure which is formed in powder pressing and sintering processes.The reasons for the degradation of MS-SOFCs include oxidation of metal materials,cathodic toxicity caused by Cr volatilization,coarsening of catalyst particles,etc.Many companies,such as Ceres Power of the UK,General Electric(GE)of the US,German Aerospace Center(DLR),German Forschungszentrum Jülich(FZJ)and Plansee of Austria,have made remarkable achievements in preliminary commercialization of MS-SOFC.

关 键 词：“双碳”目标 金属支撑固体氧化物燃料电池 铁素体不锈钢 低温制备技术 金属支撑电堆 电解质 钙钛矿 

分 类 号：TK91[动力工程及工程热物理]