海上风电对海洋生态环境与海洋生物资源的综合影响研究进展  

Research progress on the comprehensive impact of offshore wind farms on the marine ecological environment and bio-logical resources

作　　者：王婷[1,2,3,4,6,7] 茹小尚 张立斌[1,2,3,4,5,6] WANG Ting;RU Xiao-shang;ZHANG Li-bin(CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao 266237,China;Center for Ocean Mega-Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;Laboratory of Marine Ranching Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology,Qingdao 266071,China;State of Environment and Safety Engineering,Qingdao University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266042,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室,山东青岛266237 [3]中国科学院海洋大科学研究中心,山东青岛266071 [4]中国科学院海洋牧场工程实验室,山东青岛266071 [5]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [6]山东省实验海洋生物学重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [7]青岛科技大学环境与安全工程学院,山东青岛266042

出　　处：《海洋科学》2022年第7期95-104,共10页Marine Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFD0902104)。

摘　　要：海上风电具有就近消纳方便、发电效率高和不消耗化石能源等特点,在低碳经济发展背景下,加快海上风电开发已成为全球各国促进能源结构转型与可持续发展的普遍共识。但海上风电在建设及运营过程中所产生的噪音和磁场对海洋环境和生物的影响尚不明确。本文系统梳理了全球海上风电发展现状,分析了海上风电开发对海洋生态环境与生物资源的综合影响,从生理、行为和分子三个层面重点分析了海上风电所产生的噪音和磁场对海洋生物的潜在影响,以期为科学利用海上风电提供参考。Offshore wind farms exhibit the characteristics of convenient consumption nearby,high energy generation efficiency and no consumption of fossil energy.In the background of low-carbon economic development,accelerating the growth of offshore wind farms has become a consensus for several countries around the world to promote the transformation and sustainable development of energy infrastructure.However,the impact of noise and magnetic fields generated by such wind farms on the marine environment and organisms remains unclear.This paper systematically reviews the current situation of global offshore wind farm development,analyzes its comprehensive impact on the marine environment and biological resources,and summarizes the potential effects of the noise and magnetic field generated by these wind farms on marine organisms from the physiological,behavioral,and molecular perspectives,thus providing a reference for scientific research on offshore wind farms.

关 键 词：海上风电 环境影响 噪音 电磁效应 生态效应 

分 类 号：P752[天文地球—海洋科学] X593[环境科学与工程—环境工程] Q178.53[生物学—水生生物学]